The Simplicities in Life

Murder of our marine life at Pulau Semakau

2010-05-29T23:13:00.003+08:00

It was a depressing end to a Pulau Semakau trip that I had looked forward to. Witnessing the aftermath of a murder of our marine life was not what I intended to experience.

Not sure if this group was the culprit, but they appeared to be fishing with rods in their hands, in the vicinity of the island....

This huge drift net was the tool used for the act, and I bet these murderers didnt care that possesion of nets as a fishing gear is illegal in Singapore under the Fisheries Act.

A key criticism of the use of drift nets was its consequence of unsustainable fishing. In addition, this technique also caused excessive necessary harm to unintended targets such as marine mammals.

This morning, intentional or unintentional, the driftnet placed by the irresponsible caused the precious lives of 3 Blacktip Reef Sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus).

Ironically, I had always wanted to sight these sharks previously. On many occasions, I had failed to see them despite my friends' attempts to point out the predators of the ecosystem swimming in the Phase 2 landfill cells. Today, my wish was granted in a brutal way.

This first shark that was caught in the net was about 1.5m long, had fairly fresh wounds on its body and probably died not too long ago.

The 2 other dead sharks were of smaller sizes, probably 0.5m - 0.7m long. I imagine them to be a family swimming together, unaware of the lurking danger. Perhaps they swam too quickly, failed to notice the net and ended up entangled.

It was really painful to examine the scars on the carcass caused by the driftnet.

With the help of many, the drift net was cut and dispose of to prevent future repeated use. Regardless, this is a short term solution that will not stop history from repeating itself again. We destroy one, the irresponsible replenishes with a new one, and the crime begins again.

10 out of 10 of my friends were sure that sharks do not exist in our waters. If such irresponsible and unregulated fishing continues, this myth will become a reality. It is amazing that there is a lack of ownership of the issue, probably because this falls into a supposed grey area that doesnt come under anyone's purview.

While I often speak about the purpose of Project Semakau to many, this morning was a stark reminder of how real the urgency and importance of the project is.

The longer the status of our precious shore at Pulau Semakau remains status quo and not elevated to that of a marine park, the higher the risk we run of losing our rich biodiversity. This loss, is a nightmare I wish none of us will have to witness.

Guided walk at Semakau on a stormy afternoon

2010-04-04T19:46:00.042+08:00

We were back at Pulau Semakau on 4 Apr, for a guided walk with the students from Tampines Sec. Upon reaching the island, the looming dark skies spells of bad weather.

The perfect timing saw us seeking shelter at the entrance of the secondary forest - just as we reached the entrance point after the walk from the Visitors' Centre, the rain started pouring! Our hunter-seekers were already ahead of us, and I wondered if they too were seeking shelter in the forests.

After almost an hour, the rain though subside, continues to fall. The students, however, were not daunted a single bit and were really eager to start the walk.

With the absence of thunder and lightning, we braved the rain with our ponchos, for an hour of marine adventure.

Unfortunately, the first sight that greeted us was a drift net placed by irresponsible people. It had caught several fishes that were already dead. Drift net fishing not only results in unsustanable fishing, it also causes unnecessary harm to other marine animals that fishermen do not intend to catch. I shared the intention of Project Semakau with the participants, who concurred with the idea of gazetting the shore of Pulau Semakau as a protected area.

We visited the resident Anemone by the edge of the seagrass lagoon. Unfortunately, we didnt see the Anemone shrimp taking shelter under its usual host. The Anemone may look harmless, its lashing tentacles have stinging cells that may cause pain and discomfort to the skin.

Trotting on, I was glad to see the usual suspects at the sandy shore. The Sand-sifting Sea Star (Archaster typicus) is a good burrower of the sand (thus its name) and has a water vascular system to bring nutrients and oxygen through its body, unlike the blood circulation system in human beings.

My heart almost sank when I saw the Hairy Crab (Pilumnus vespertilio) at one of the stations. The hunter-seekers had prewarned us that the showcase of a Hairy Crab at a station indicates the desperation of the unsung hero(ine)s. We couldnt ask for more, because animals were pretty much hiding after the downpour.

Named after its hairy appearance, this crab is slow in movement as compared to other crabs. To make up for the speed, its appearance allows it to camouflage really well both in water and on land.

Kudos to some keen eyes, the less common Heart Cockle (Corculum cardissa) was spotted! A bivalve, the Heart Cockle's 2 valves are separated by an opening that cuts through the middle. A victim to over-collection of its shell, it is often marketed as a token of love sometimes at a fairly cheap price, thus popular among couples.

A Ovum Cowrie (Cypraea ovum) was also seen moving along the surface. Another victim of over-collection, its shell was once used as a form of currency in the past. I wondered how that money system worked though, nonetheless glad its no longer the case else this snail would be extinct by now! The cowrie maintained its smooth and pretty shell by covering it with its own mantle, which protects the shell from any abrasion and scratches.

Not sure what the common name is, but the very uninnovative me calls it the Green Nudibranch (Ceratosoma sinuatum). Nudibranchs are named after the naked gills exposed at its back, which it uses to breathe. Interestingly, they are actually hermaphrodites, possessing both the male and female reproduction organs.

I was really happy to see the Cushion Star (Culcita novaeguineae) that is no longer as juvenile as a few months back. In its teenage months, this individual has clearly become rounder. This shape, coupled with a calcified body, makes it difficult for predator to prey on it. Hope that it will soon grow into a healthy adult!

Thanks to the hunter-seekers who braved the storm to find us a Knobbly Sea Star (Protoreaster nodosus), often the highlight of any guided walk. This species of Sea Star, named after the knobs on its body, is endangered on our shores and has fallen victim to the aquarium trade. I once saw one in a store at Plaza Sing, clearly looking undernourished. Human beings is one 'predator' that the calcified Knobbly cannot run away from.

The Fan Worm (Sabellastarte indica) was one of the few who gamely displayed its beauty on this rainy morning. Its feathery tentacles opened broadly, looking just like a fan and was probably lashing through the water for very tiny food particles. The tentacles is often the only part of the fan worm that is exposed as it lives in a self-made tube of its own mucus, sand and particles. Any detection of danger results in the tentacles retracting into the tube at lightning speed, which often wowed the participants.

Despite the bad weather, we still managed to experience the life of our shores. The participants' spirits were not dampened, instead are more willed to visit our shores again for more exciting encounters.

First guided walk at Pulau Hantu - 2 Apr 2010

2010-04-02T22:35:00.281+08:00

My first public walk of the year was at Pulau Hantu. My group consists of participants who were not new to intertidal walks as they have joined us on walks at Pulau Semakau previously. Their enthusiasm and interest in nature made guiding very much enjoyable!

The island is actually made up of two islets: Pulau Hantu Besar (Big Ghost Island) and Pulau Hantu Kechil (Little Ghost Island), and is aptly named as "island of ghosts". It was here that 2 great ancient Malay warriors dueled fiercely to their death. The gods then transformed the two warriors into islets and their ghosts are said to wander the isle.

Warriors wannabes?

Despite its proximity to the Pulau Bukom's refineries, a wide variety of corals can be found on Pulau Hantu coupled with fairly rich marine life. Our first star (pun not intended) of the day was the Sand-sifting Sea Star (Archaster typicus). These 2 individuals had a few shorter arms probably chomped off by predators. Although they can regenerate their arms, it is a long process and I would imagine it to be quite an unpleasant experience.

We were thrilled by the male Fiddler Crab's (Uca spp.) morning greetings. It was really quite a spectacular sight to see them waving their enlarged claw, as if playing the fiddler. Not sure if it was the mating season, but they sure were eager to capture attention. We even saw 2 fighting each other, likely for territory or a mate. The enlarged claw is a great asset in courtship, as females are likely to be attracted to those with larger claws since it is quite a feat to be able to survive with this 'liability' which requires more to maintain.

The Hairy Crab (Pilumnus vespertilio) attracted praises of 'so cuuuute' as it hid in one corner of the container. Also fondly known as the Teddybear crab to some, the Hairy crab got its common name from its appearance. The hairs fluff up when the crab in water thus breaking its outline and results in some really good camouflaging performance. Note that this is not the Hairy Crab some Chinese deem as a delicacy, in fact, this crab is mildly poisonous.

The Orange Striped Hermit Crab (Clibanarius infraspinatus) was quite shy that day, and there wasnt time to wait for a nice photo opportunity. Unlike real crabs, the hermit crab actually has a soft abdomen thus requires the protection of an empty shell as its home. So, think twice when you next think of collecting an empty shell from the shore 'cos you may be depriving our friend of its potential home.

My guests laughed when I asked if the Black-lipped Conch (Strombus urceus) reminded them of a woman's lips with black lipstick. Like other Conches, the Black-lipped Conch also uses its operculum to hop along the surface.

The Spider Conch (Lambis lambis) is named so, after the spikes on the sides of its thick shell, resembling the legs of a spider. The conch's humble appearance makes it difficult to spot among its home, but turn it over, you will be awed by its pretty shell, just like many of our participants were. Apart from being a master of camouflage, the Spider Conch is a great pole vaulter with the use of its knife-life operculum to hope along the surface.

This is a probably a Wandering Cowrie (Cypraea errones) strolling around, 'feeling' and 'tasting' the water with its siphons. This snail is a great master at maintain its looks. See the shiny and smooth shell without scars and scratches, all thanks to its intelligence use of its own mantle to cover its shell. While I have all praises for the cowrie, I wish its shell wasnt as pretty to prevent it from being a victim of over-collection.

Nudibranches never fails to fascinate me with their bright colours. 'Nudi' is translated as naked in Latin and 'Branchia' as gills. The Nudibranch's naked gills (see the feathery structures) is thus what gave its name. This sea slug actually possesses a shell when young, but sheds it thereafter. It thus develops defense mechanisms such as bad tasting glands, and depicts the poison through its bright colours to warn predators.

Heres the pretty Chomodoris lineolata.

The colours of the Black Margined Nudibranch (Glossodoris atromarginata) were also fascinating.

While the Phyllid Nudibranch (Phyllidiella pustulosa) may look puny and cute, it is actually deadly to other marine life. Try placing this nudibranch in an aquarium , stress it and the entire tank could be wiped out by the milky substance it secretes. This is typical of its family which feeds on poisonous sponges, and concentrate the toxin in its tissues as a defense mechanism.

An animal that many people can recognise at first sight, the Jellyfish (Chrysaora sp.) can sometimes be seen at our popular beaches at Changi or East Coast. One should avoid touching one though, because of its stinging tentacles. A friend had complained of discomfort after being stung by a jellyfish during her swimming lap of a biathlon.

Giving us the Puss-in-boots looks was this Octopus (Order Octopoda), known to us as one of the smartest invertebrates that can recognise its tracks and even open the lids of jars. Another master of camouflage, it can change its colour and even texture of skin to match that of its surrounding within the snap of the finger, all thanks to special pigment cells.

My favourite of the trip was this Red Feather Star (Class Crinoidea), although it reminded me of the feather duster my mum used to cane me with. Although it has a mouth in the middle of its top surface, the Feather Star feeds by filtering small particles of food from the sea water with their feeding feathery arms. Like other echinoderms, the Feather Star has a symmetry of 5 - this individual apparently has 25 arms (go on, count it!).

Right beside the Feather Star was a humble looking (and therefore very well camouflaged) Onch slug (Family Onchididae) that I did not spot, if not for Ruixiang's obvious hint. Breathing through simplified lungs, this slug is more related to land snails and slugs. Its often seen on the surface of rocks as it is where it finds algae, its source of food. Without a hardy shell, the Onch slug secretes a supposed bad tasting mucus that covers its skin to ward off predators.

An intertidal trip is always precious and never possible for one to see everything. Apart from having to abide by the rules of the changing tides, our marine life roams freely and is thus never predictable. Such is nature, but this also make every experience special and unique. Come explore our shores and sign up for the next available trip!

Guided Walk at Semakau - March 2010

2010-03-21T22:34:00.002+08:00

A group of students from Nan Hua high school joined me on a morning of adventure at Pulau Semakau. They were the Green Reps/ Ambassadors of their school, and I hope they will take home the message of conservation, and the 3Rs (Reuse, Reduce, Recycle) for sharing with their friends.

Once again, we were all intrigued by the rich marine life on our shores - something that many of us do not expect.

Apart from this Dragonfish Sea Cucumber (Stichopus horrens) that the hunter-seekers found, our group also saw 2 others as we waddled through the 'deathzone' of the seagrass lagoon. This species of Sea Cucumber is said to melt and disintegrate when exposed in the sun for too long. It can also shed its skin when stressed, so be sure not to disturb it unnecessarily.

Often thought to be a worm by first-time visitors to our shores, the Synaptid Sea Cucumber (Family Synaptidae) was a great show-and-tell partner. As I was introducing it to the crowd, it gamely showed us how it lashes its beautiful tentacles to feed on detritus in the water.

The participants treaded carefully for fear of stepping on a 'land mine' - the Sandsifting Sea Stars (Archaster typicus) were half buried in the sand. Camouflaging fairly well into the surroundings, we might just step on one if we don't watch our step. While they do not have a brain, and might not feel any pain, we can never be sure, can we?

I must apologise for the photo that doesnt do the Knobbly Sea Star (Protoreaster nodosus) any justice. Apart from being the icon for Project Semakau, our Knobblies often awed our visitors with its vibrant colours, pretty knobs (that gave its common name) and its sheer size (it can grow up to 30cm wide!). This Sea Star has a calcified body which makes it difficult for predators to prey on it.

Although mildly venomous, be sure not to touch the Black Long-spined Sea Urchin (Diadema setosum) as the spines can give painful stings if stepped on. The brittle and needle-like spines makes it challenging to extract it from our flesh too. In addition to being a defense mechanism, the spines , in partnership with the Sea Urchin's tube feet, helps it to walk.

My first time seeing a Juvenile Noble Volute (Cymbiola nobilis) whose shell is of a much darker shade. We were really lucky to see a pretty adult too. Unfortunately, this snail's existance is threatened due to habitat loss and over-collection of its beautiful shell - I have seen ,on several occasions, bazaar stalls selling spoons made from the volute's shell!

The Spider Conch (Lambis Lambis) may look unattractive at first glance, but I never fail to hear the visitors' 'Wahhhhh' when I turn it over to show its underside. Named after the spikes on the shell's edge that resembles the legs of a spider, the Spider Conch has a strong operculum and foot that allows it to pole-vault away on the surface.

Our adorable Polka-dot Nudibranch (Jorunna funebris) made a guest appearance too. Named after its exposed naked gills (the feather like structures), Nudibranchs are sea slugs and actually have shells when they are young, but sheds their shell thereafter. They thus develop other defense mechanism such as having warning predators that they are distasteful or poisonous with their bright colours.

Its my first encounter with this Nudibranch (and I believe its a first record for Semakau!). Not quite sure what species this is, but it certainly is huge, almost as long as the length of my 26cm chopstick!

Nearby, we also saw these egg ribbons, not sure if it was the eggs of the Nudibranch, but certainly a good sign that our shores are thriving with life!

It was Bull's eye for the group on their guess of how the Flatworm got its name - 'cause they are really flat! Pseudoceros sp. was the only species we saw that day and the participants were surprised to hear that the flatworm is a Hermaphrodite which possesses both the male and female reproduction organs. Unlike us, flatworms have no circulatory and respiratory organs,instead oxygen and nutrients pass through their bodies by diffusion.

I had to remind the participants to be extra careful as we wade through the water near the reefs after noticing a few Sea Nettle Jellyfishes (Chrysaora sp.) pulsating near us - contact with their tentacles can result in quite painful stings! Jellyfishes also do not have specialized respiratory, or circulatory systems as their skin is thin enough for the body to be oxygenated by diffusion.

Another Jellyfish we saw was this Upside-down Jellyfish (Cassiopea sp.) which gives a milder sting that can cause skin irritation with an exceptional itch. No prizes though, for correct guesses on how it got its common name. This Jellyfish harbours a mutually beneficial relationship with zooanthellae (single-celled photosynthetic algae) that is housed in its body. The algae shares its food with the jellyfish who in turns provides a home and minerals for the algae.

Occasionally mistaken for the Upside-down Jellyfish, the Hell's Fire Anemone (Actinodendron sp.) is one you don't want to mess with. Aptly described by one volunteer, the sting from this Anemone burns you like how a fire will, and hurts like 'hell'. Although I have no personal experience to speak of, I sure don't want a taste of that feeling. One can identify the Anemone by its radiating white stripes from its centre disk, and its branching triangular-shaped tentacles.

We were really lucky to see this Heart Cockle (Corculum cardissa), not as commonly seen due to overcollection of its shell. A simple googling will show you how its being marketed as a token of love, sold a fairly cheap price. Little do couples noticed that this clam's opening of the valves cuts vertically across the centre of the 'heart', just like how we often depict a broken heart. In my opinion, a bad omen and not a good token of love at all!

Per usual trips, we had a chance to visit our resident Fluted Giant Claim (Tridacna squamosa), but for as long as we keep the environment protected, clean and for its growth. Unlike most other bivalves, the giant clam harbours single-celled algae ,in its fleshy body, which produces food through photosynthesis. To maximise its "farm", the clam exposes these algae to the sunlight by facing the mantle to sunlight, at the same time, giving us a wide smile!

Yet another fruitful trip to round up my intertidal walks in March. =)

Friendship is.....

2010-03-20T09:20:00.004+08:00

... being a cushion (or a punch bag for that matter) for your friend, even though it means allowing him/ her to place his/her smelly foot on your belly....

... being really upfront with each other. Friends are transparent to each other, and if we have to lay the cards on the table, we fight it out once and for all.

... nudging each other after the big fight. We quarrel, but we reconcile too. We forgive, and we forget.

... sometimes, seeing eye to eye. Working together towards a common vision, we are likely to have the same values, driven by the same passion. Friendship is often, one mind in two bodies.

... not seeing eye to eye in many matters. Strength lies in differences, not in similarities.

... not being afraid to give a constructive reminder kok on the head. Better he or she be told off by me, than by others.

... being a mirror image of the other if the kok doesnt work. Having a taste of one's own medicine is always cruel but experiential learning always seem to work better.

... watching each other's back. There is no 'I' in a 'Team'.

... looking beside you when it hurts to look back, and you're scared to look ahead, because you will always find your friend there...

... being a pillar of support no matter what happens. A real friend is one who walks in when the rest of the world walks out.

..... accepting each other's differences, even if the other is clad in dirty sand and mud all the time...

Are you a friend to another?

Go on, appreciate a friend today.. =)

4-hr date on 19 March with the Smooth Otters

2010-03-20T08:48:00.000+08:00

I must have walked up and down the main bridge of SBWR more than 30 times on the morning of 19th March. That approximate 300m displacement from the main entrance is all I managed during the 4-hr trip, pretty much because of the stalking of our endearing Smooth Otters (Lutrogale perpicillata).

Quite perfect timing, the gang of 4 swam towards the main bridge just as we were crossing it. One of them showed off their multitasking skill by yawning and swimming at the same time. No wonder, it was barely 8am in the morning. I was yawning and walking at the same time too. =)

3 of them frolick around the area for a short while, catching fishes while waiting for a member who has lagged behind to catch up.

As they walked ashore, they disappeared behind the mangrove plants. So, why did the otter cross the road/ path?

Because they love to enjoy a hearty breakfast at the prawn pond! With the otters swimming back and forth, and round and round the prawn pond, the 3 of us (the human beings) walked up and down the path, following the direction in which they were swimming (the otters) towards.

While I have never been a big fan of fishes (as a food source), I must say the manner in which the otter feasts on really made the sashimi seemed really yummy. The crunchy sound, coupled with the the otter's enthusiasm and look of satisfaction, gave me second thoughts on whether I'm missing out on some gourmet food!

I was secretly pleased to note that I'm not the only lazy bum in the world! What's best after a full stomach? A nap! shiok only if you lie on your back, spread all paws out, and basically couldnt care less about the spinning world. I, need to learn (about taking it easy that is, not the sleeping posture).

Amazing how we can spent another 1hr+ at the freshwater pond, of course with lots of action from the otters, which I will leave to the next post. =P

In summary, they played hard, the rested, and they performed (or so I think).

Near noon, these otters were STILL at it! Talk about having enormous amount of energy! They must have gotten a little bored with each other, one started gnawing at the cat tail! Not sure it its for play, or for a good reason, but for sure, its something that I wouldnt imagine the authorities to be very pleased with.

Even as the afternoon crowd started to gather, these otters didnt seem bothered with the buzz! Hopefully they won't get so used to human beings that they let their guard down.

The sighting of the Estuarine Crocodule (Crocodylus porosus) must have been the happiest for, ahem, my pseudo daughter. Its her first time meeting these reptiles wild in our reserves! It was quite hilarious how she was still wondering why we were busy snapping photos away, not realising the crocodile's presence. I wouldnt blame her because the still crocodile looks just like a log in water, and part sometimes part of the mangrove plant (trunk) on land.

Being cold blooded, it is not uncommon to see them basking in the sun on a bright sunny morning. This act allows it to regulate its body temperature using the warmth from our natural source of energy.

While it is the largest of all living reptiles, the Estuarine Crocodile that can grow up to 8m in length is seen to be no longer than 3m in our reserves. Although ferocious, these crocodiles have plenty of fishes to feast on in the reserve, they do not pose as a danger to human beings, unless provoked and threatened, of course.

It was interesting to note how the crocodile changed its position when the tide was rising. It looked pretty much like a helpless soul, stranded on an island, soon to be drown! Can't quite happen, because they swim fairly well!

*HELP!*

We left the reserve for a good meal of Ramen, not sashimi at Holland Village, before continuing the day's adventure at Pasir Ris mangroves! Its been a long while since I last visited, but I realised I didnt take many photos!

I havent seen the Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) for a long while! We must be quite luckily, because this heron is primarily more active at twilight. A locally endangered species due to loss of nesting sites and chemical (pesticide) poisoning, it lives mainly in mangroves or near water bodies with plenty of fishes.

One of the highlights of the trip has to be my second encounter with a 'crocodile'! It was my first meeting with Bruguiera hainesii, whose Malay name means 'crocodile's eyes'.

The bashing through of the forest was all worthwhile, for the cigar-like propagule, and pretty flowers!

Although the weather didnt hold up, and we were caught in a heavy downpour towards the end of the trip, it was still a really fun outing. Definitely a great way to spent my annual leave day!

Leisure walk at SBWR - 14 March

2010-03-15T01:15:00.001+08:00

March was really a mad month at work with all the tight deadlines, and I ended up with lots of blog debts of all the weekend trips!

Together with a few friends, we spent an entire morning on 14 March at Sungei Buloh, and were pleasantly surprised with many unexpected sightings.

The replanted Berembang (Sonneratia caseolaris) at the entrance of the Reserve has always been in the limelight as this species is very rare in Singapore. This Serembang that has grown naturally is likely to take over the spot the next time we visit the reserve. The only Sonneratia with red stamens, it also has a flat calyx. Durian lovers have the Sonneratia to thank, because of its role as a food source to sustain bats who polinates the Durian trees. The Sonneratia is especially importatnt during the times when Durian tree is not flowering.

The Sea Hollies are named after the unrelated Christmas plant Holly because their leaves look fairly similar. However, not all species have spiny leaves though. The Acanthus volubilis usually does not have the sharp spiny leaves and is more of a climber.

Acanthus ebracteatus, on the other hand, has very spiny leaves. The Sea Hollies adapts to the environment of high salinity by secreting excess salt through the leaves.

Less common in the reserve is the Acanthus ilicifolius with the light violet flowers.

Another great discovery is that of a fruiting Finlaysonia Ovobata along the mangrove boardwalk. Needless to say, we spent a good 15-20 mins taking many shots of the fruits.

Living in harmony were 3 species of birds, perching on a barren tree. We have the Asian Glossy Starling (Aplonis panayensis), the Pink-necked Green Pigeon (Treron vernans) and probably Olive-backed Sunbird (Nectarinia jugularis) 排排站ing on the branches.

True to its name, the Yellow-Barred Flutterer (Rhyothemis phyllis) was fluttering over our heads really quickly, as if playing the game of catching with our cameras. It was really exasperating trying to take a sharp photo of it.

Safety in numbers, the Shield Bugs (Calliphara nobilis) gathered behind the mangrove leaves possibly for shelter. Their shiny wings make them look just like gems, albeit hidden, in the mangroves. They apparently disperses with a loud buzz when disturbed, so be sure not to do disturb them if you don't want to be startled!

After so many trips to the reserve, its only my first time meeting the Yellow-spotted Mudskipper(Periophthalmus walailakae). I guess thats because I never really took a closer look because they are supposedly one of the larger and obvious mudskippers around. This Yellow-spotted Mudskipper can tolerate long durations out of water by trapping water and oxygen to help them breathe on land. Their ability to breathe through their moist skin helps too, which is why we often see them walking into small puddles (to keep skin damp).

As the tide rose, we saw this Blue-spotted Mudskipper (Boleophthalmus boddarti) who appeared to be hanging on to a mangrove root for dear life using its muscular pectoral fins (although it can actually swim!). Unlike other mudskippers who are predators, the Blue-spotted Mudskipper grazes on the layer of algae growing on the mud instead.

I was a little disturbed by this pack of fierce dogs who were barking and fighting in the reserve. I've seen stray dogs chase after otters and essentially, they become a threat to our wildlife in the reserve. Hopefully they will be displaced at another more appropriate environment soon!

My all-time favourite Smooth Otters (Lutrogale perspicillata) also made a stopover at their usual sandbox! This was a group of 3 and 2 of them were grooming each other - quite a sweet sight!

,,,while the third one made itself really comfortable, sleeping on its back, at the same time enjoying a bask in the sun.

Was it my eyes or did the otter just winked at us? =P

One of the common reptiles in the Reserve, the Malayan Water Monitor (Varanus salvator) was sun-tanning to regulate the temperature of its blood. It has an excellent sense of smell, owing to its forked tongue that it sticks in and out of its mouth. The bite of the monitor lizard is venomous so be sure to leave them alone and not provoke them if you cross their path.

My second time seeing the Green Crested Lizard (Bronchocela cristatella), the first being more than 1 year ago! This lizard's body can turn brown when threatened. The number of Green Crested Lizard is apparently on the decline in Singapore - some said possibly due to competition from the Changeable Lizard, an introduced species.

While the Lizard was fairly cooperative in posing for photos, it was still challenging to get a clear sharp shot with the poor lighting.

The amazing fact of such nature places is that there are always new surprises on every trip, no matter how many times you have been there. I guess this is also why many of us keep visiting these havens over and over again because each experience is never quite the same!

To the Magical Mangroves of Mandai

2010-03-09T21:35:00.000+08:00

An entry from the Diary of Pobby the House Gnome.

8am, 7 March 2010 - Weather: Fine

Pobby's back is aching now from all the forward bending. Kept having to dig out Mistress (Jiamione)'s lousy booties from the ground as it was stuck in mud every other step.

Pobby followed mistress and her friends (maiden trip for most of them) to the magical grounds of Mandai this morning. At platform ten and one quarter, we met Prof Luanbledore and her nature-loving friends.

We missed the Mandai's express, and had to take a short walk to a special opening to enter the Mangroves.

Before our eyes stood some tall and mighty mangrove trees - many many times taller than Mistress. Pobby learnt that the mangrove habitat is a very harsh environment to live in. There is high salt content in the environment; the soil is soft and is low in oxygen content. Pobby definitely won't be able to survive in such an environment, unlike the mangrove plants who have special adaptations.

The mangroves are important because it is the home for many many marine animals, such as mud crabs, tiger prawns etc which Pobby loves to eat. Pobby is sad to hear that we have lost much of this habitat to urban development. Without their home, the marine animals will die, and Pobby will have not have crabs to eat. =(

Pobby has never experienced a tsunami, but was told that the mangroves act as a protective shield for coastal areas as they help to reduce the impact of the huge waves.

note: thats not Mistress - thats Mistress's friend, Rowdy from Nature school

Pobby learnt about three main groups of mangrove trees - Rhizophora spp., Bruguiera spp. and Avicennia spp. today. Incidentally, the names of the species sounded like the magic spells that Mistress practises everyday.

1) One species of Rhizophora spp. (a.k.a Bakau) is Rhizophora apiculata. This is one of the most common species found in the local ecosystem. They are easily identified by their prop roots that helps anchor the tree in the unstable mangrove mud. The roots not only helps the tree to breathe, but also has a filter that can exclude salt from the water it takes in.

Pobby likes Bakau because its timber makes excellent firewood and charcoal! (Pobby loves BBQ!). It is also an excellent source of wood as it is naturally straight, strong and is resistent to insects and salt water.

2a) Presenting *raises wand* Bruguiera Gymnorhiza of Bruguiera spp. - another main group of mangrove tress locally. These mangrove trees cope with the low oxygen content by having lateral roots that grow just below the surface of the mud. Some parts of the roots stick out of the mud and looks just like Pobby's knees! These exposed roots help to absorb oxygen better.

2b) Another species of the Bruguiera spp. is the *raise wand again* Bruguiera Cylindrica which has small white flowers which are pollinated by insects such as butterflies. Pobby thinks that the sepals of the fruit that curves backwards towards the fruit stalk looks just like an Octopus.

3) Avicennia spp. is another group of mangrove trees that Pobby saw today. Also known as Api-api, this group has an extensive root system that spans many metres below the mud surface, and sticks out of the mud vertically. These breathing roots looks like the pencils that Mistress uses in school. The leaves of the Api-api has salt glands to secrete salt. The salt crystals are then left behind on the leaves after evaporation. Pobby now knows where to look for free salt when it runs out in the kitchen!

Here is Avicennia Alba with leaves that are white and waxy on the underside to reduce water loss. Pobby really likes the small yellow pretty flowers of Avicennia Alba.

Prof Luanbledore and friends were very excited to find the Mangrove Lime (Merope angulata)! This is because the Mangrove Lime is a rather rare mangrove associate locally. Pobby is really lucky to be able to see it personally. The plant was fruiting too! Pobby was too scared to try the fruits which are said to be sour.

Appearing in the middle of the path, this Mangrove St Andrew's Spider (Argiope mangal) gave Pobby a scare. The female spider spins an orb web which contains 2 zig zag bands. The male spider,usually much smaller in size, can be found on the web but Pobby's eyes are not sharp enough to spot them.

Pobby also saw 2 Mangrove Horseshoe Crabs (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda), who seem to be pairing up. Pobby is impressed with Horseshoe crabs because they have lived over 400 million years! Although called 'crabs', they are actually more related to scorpions and spiders. Pobby was told that one reason why they can survived for so long is due to their special blood which is blue in colour when oxygenated and has the ability to detect bacteria! The blood clots immediately when in contact with bacteria.

This horseshoe crab has lots of barnacles growing on its back - which reminds Pobby of the times when she has to carry sacks of rice on her back - must be heavy for the horseshoe crab?

Pobby was just complaining that everything on the ground looks dull with all that brown, and was most happy to see the Face-banded Crab (Perisesarma eumolpe). These crabs wears a bright band across its face, looking just like some tribal people.

Although it was a tiring trip for Pobby, Pobby still hopes to have a chance to return to Magical Mangroves of Mandai again (next time round, Pobby will remind Mistress to wear better booties). More importantly, may the magic powers help the mangroves overcome the development plans of he-who-must-not-be-named.

6 Mar 2010: The many facets of our dear Otter

2010-03-08T00:40:00.002+08:00

I just have to make a trip to Sungei Buloh after hearing narration of an encounter with the family of otters. Although I only had 1.5 hrs at the reserve (cos I overslept!) before heading to another voluntary prog, I was once again treated to the scenes of our amazing wildlife.

I headed straight to the fresh water pond and was disappointed to see the empty box, until I heard the rustling of leaves. Upon a closer look, I realised its a Smooth Otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) resting in the shade and not the usual Malayan Water Monitor Lizard!

It was rise and shine for the Smooth Otter, and it spent some time grooming itself.

It paused intermittently to check the surroundings, not sure if it was because of the sound of my camera's shutter.

'eh, what's that sound?'

Fexible like a gymnast, I must say it was really thorough in its D.I.Y grooming regime....

"Oh bother, whats that sound?!" *sian look*

*yawns*

Although the sun was already high up in the sky, this lazy fellow kept dozing off in the midst of washing up.

A few minutes later, it suddenly woke up and rolled over to rub its back (by twisting its body)! Reminds me of my school days - how I will jerk awake when my mum screamed at me in the morning while I dozed off in the toilet when getting ready for school.

Few minutes later, it laid down on its belly and dozed off again.

Its almost like a ritual: doze off, wake up, lick lick lick, doze off, wake up, lick lick lick...

The Otter finally got up on all fours and started sniffing the area. I thought it was at last all ready to embark on its day of adventure...

only to realise that it was just finding another good spot to sleep! Quite a lazy bum, eh? The temperature was probably getting quite hot, as the Otter finally decided to leave the box and went for a dip in the river, and soon disappeared from sight. Though shortlived, I was still quite pleased to have seen it. =)

At the main bridge, a flock of Egrets lined up orderly by the river bank, foraging in the mudflats for their breakfast.

I was pleased to see the Estuarine Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) parked at its usual hideout, and was again thrilled by the other visitors' reaction when they see the crocodile. Really, the signboard is not a bluff!

I had lunch with Christie after Read-with-me near Chomp Chomp. On my way back along Lor Chuan, I saw a large bird soaring above, before disappearing into a tree top. My first thought was 'Eagle!' and my first (dangerous) reaction was to step on the brakes. I quickly turned into a private estate, got out of the car and ran towards the tree.

Indeed, a Changeable Hawk Eagle (Spizaetus cirrhatus) perched majestically on one of the branches. I must have looked silly to passersby with my binoculars and camera (thank goodness I have them with me!) under the scorching sun by a busy road, next to a private estate. Then again, who would have expected such wildlife to surround us in such a highly urbanised country?

I never seem to get enough of Semakau!

2010-03-03T02:34:00.000+08:00

After a month of hiatus, I was back at Pulau Semakau last weekend for Seagrass transect on Saturday, and guiding on Sunday. We were blessed with good weather (albeit scorching hot though..sigh..El Nino effect has resulted in Singapore's driest Feb in 140 yrs!), and I was really glad to have a fantastic group of participants from ITE Green Club who were really keen and interested in nature. Icing of the cake was having an outstanding guide as my partner.

The inspiration of Spongebob Square Pants (or so I say), the Sea Sponge is often thought to be a plant. Not surprising because this animal looks very much like one, without the typical facial features and movement. Comprising of very few cells, this animal (is an animal because) feeds by pumping water in and out of itself, picking up detritus in the process. Interestingly, dried sea sponges are used at home by people in the past. Thankfully, the ones we use now are synthetic sponges, else we end up overcollecting again.

The Hairy Crab (Pilumnus vespertilio) played dead in our path. Strangely, this cute teddy was not camouflaging itself against a sponge or a rock per usual. The long hairs on its body and limbs trap sediments to help it blend into the surroundings. In water, it fluffs up which breaks its body outline, making it difficult for predators to spot its presence. Not the 大闸蟹 that participants are more familiar with, this hairy crab is in fact mildly poisonous due to its diet.

The shore was like a mini childcare centre with the hunter seekers' excellent finds of 3 juvenile Cushion Star (Culcita novaeguineae)! I have seen #3 on past trips (and it certainly has grown!), but not #1 and #2! Great news that our shores are alive and growing!

Junior #1

Junior #2

Junior #3

Grandparent Cushion Star was also sighted! This star certainly left all of us in awe with its sheer size. Participants were surprised that the Cushion Star can grow to such size (almost >20cm wide)! With thick calcified walls and a rounded shape, the Cushion Star is a tough nut for predators to bite on.

With Valentines' day just passing us by, the courtship celebration certainly has not ended for the Sandsifting Seastars (Archaster typicus). Many pairs were seen in their psuedo-copulation position, getting ready to release the sperms and eggs (without any contact of their reproductive organs) when the tide comes in.

Of course, how can we miss the iconic Knobbly Sea Star (Protoreaster nodosus)? The participants were thrilled to see the real thing after much anticipation from spotting a picture of it at the visitor centre. Named after the knobs on its body, this Sea Star also also has a calcified thick body that makes life more difficult for predators. Even with this natural art of defence, the Knobbly is still endangered due to the aquaruim trade and loss of habitat.

My fellow guide explained the over-collection of the Sandfish Sea Cucumber (Holothuria scabra) due to its popularity as a dish on our tables. Belonging to the same family as Sea Stars, these Sea Cucumbers circulates water through its body (vis-a-vis us our blood circulatory system) and thus we shouldnt remove them out of water unneccessarily to prevent stressing them out. While edible, they must be processed first as they are mildly poisonous.

Our second Sea Cucmber of the day was the Synaptid Sea Cucumber (Family Synaptidae). The longest species that can grow up to 3m long, this individual was gingerly lashing its feathery tentacles in the water to pick up detritus. Without tube feet, they hold on to the substrate with hooked spicules instead, similar to how velcro works. Its thin dedicate wall is certainly one good reason why we shouldnt handle them.

Smooth to the touch and looking just like a polished stone, the Stonefish Sea Cucumber (Actinopyga lecanora) is a better player at beauty care, a stark contrast to the Sandfish Sea Cucumber's rough skin that we encountered earlier in the walk.

Another beauty was the Moon Snail (Polinices sp.), looking ever pearly and white like the full moon. This fellow stealthily burrowed into the sand while we were introducing the Sandfish Sea Cucumber by its side. A fierce predator of other clams and snails, the Moon Snail uses its huge body to suffocate its prey. Failing which, it secretes an acid to create a hole in the prey's shell before inserting its radula to enjoy a hearty meal.

I can never get enough of this shore, because there is never an end to the animals to see (especially when my first sightings) ! My first encounter with the Bornella stellifer Nudibranch. A sea slug, Nudibranches are born with shells but sheds them as they grow older. For protection, they develop bad tasting glands to fend off potential predators, and are kind enough to warn others via its bright colours.

One of the more poisonous Nudibranchs, the Phyllidia varicosa is said to release a toxic substance into the water when stressed. Good reason not to keep any in your tank!

Great eyesight from another Guide who spotted the Ceratosoma sinuatum. Excited to see it as its my first sighting!

Although not my first sighting, I was still happy to meet the cute Polka Dot Nudibranch (Jorunna funebris). Nudibranch = Naked Gills in Latin, and refers to the exposed feathery structure on its back, as seen in photo below.

While many of us are familiar with Nemo, the pair of Anemone Shrimps (Periclimenes brevicarpalis)were new to my participants. These freeloaders are unaffected by the Anemone's stinging tentacles, all thanks to the layer of mucus that coats its body.

As we were waiting for our turn at one station, I spotted what looks like a juvenile Hell's Fire Anemone (Actinodendron sp.). As its name suggest, this is one animal you wouldnt want to touch else be prepared for really painful stings I don't even want to imagine. Often mistaken with the Upside-down Jellyfish, the Hell's fire Anemone has white stripes radiating from its centre, and has triangular-shaped tentacles. /edit oops! This is not a Hell's Fire Anemone! But a Branching Anemone. Thanks LK for the correction!

Here's a really cute baby Upside-down Jellyfish (Cassiopea sp). It was really a joy to observe it pulsating and turning itself upside down. This juvenile has the symbiotic algae to thank and rely on if it wants to grow into an adult, as the algae shares food with it in exchange of shelter.

The Fan Worm (Sabellastarte indica) displays its usual pretty featherlike tentacles that gave it its name. An envy of many, this segmented worm builds its home from recycled materials such as its own mucus, saliver and sand (therefore unaffected by scaling property prices!) . Indeed a green ambassador of Semakau, it showed us its agility to retract in lightning speed into its tube for hiding.

I almost mistook this Flatworm as Pseudobiceros uniarborensis. Nature has its own way of confusing me with its splendid colours. A search on the internet suggests that they could be from the same genera or families - or this could be due to evolution due to environmental factors, you think?

Our participants laughed when we started saying 'Flatworms are called Flatworms because they are really flat' - it is true! Due to its paper-like physique, they can tear easily and thus must never be handled. The same physique ,however, also allows it to hide into any crevices. Everyone was tickled by our short skit in mimicking how flatworms tries to poke each other in an attempt to impregnate the other since they have both the male and female reproductive organs.

We were thrilled to see both the male and female Tigertail Seahorses (Hippocampus comes) whom are named after the yellow and black alternating stripes on its tail. Although a fish, the Seahorse, do not have scales as fish do, and swims upright instead of horizontally, using their dorsal fin to propel and pectoral fins to steer direction.

Envy of all females, it is actually the male seahorse that carries the eggs in a brood pouch on their chest which apparently can hold thousands of eggs laid by the female seahorse!

Unfortunately, Seahorse populations have been endangered due to over fishing (largely due to its medicinal use in TCM) and habitat destruction.

Our smiley resident Fluted Giant Clam (Tridacna squamosa) was at its faithful spot. Among the largest bivalves in existance, the Giant Clam harbours symbiotic algae which shares the food it makes with the clam. This is also why we often see the clam 'flashing' its mantle so as to expose the algae to sunlight for purpose of photosynthesis.

I always enjoy introducing the Spider Conch (Lambis lambis) to participants as they never fail to respond with a 'wooooow' when they see the conch's beautiful underside vis-a-vis the algae covered outer shell. Named after its spider legs-like spikes on the outerlip, this champion pole vaulter uses its strong hooked-like operculum to hop around - a pity that we didnt get to witness it in action.

It was definitely a very enjoyable trip for me, thanks to my wonderful companions!

Sungei Buloh on 21 Feb - continued...

2010-03-02T00:43:00.001+08:00

While it was a great day with the sighting of the crocodile, I had quite a fair bit of luck with birds on 21 Feb too!

At the entrance to the reserve, the handsome Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) (my lifer..although I know it can be commonly seen at that area in SBWR) was pecking into the water occasionally as it walks. With its bobbing head and flicking tail, I tried for a long time before I managed a less than satisfactory photo of this Rail.

On a nearby tree, a male chubby Pink-necked Green Pigeon (Treron vernans) showed off its colourful coat....

while the female watches in awe...

A few Yellow-vented Bulbuls (Pycnonotus goiavier) were gleefully chasing each other in flight. This posey one perched on a nearby branch, and gamely showed off its Mohawk hairdo to a few cameras, including mine. A common resident throughout the island, they have adapted to the cultivated environment and has a wide ranging diet of plants and animals.

At the main bridge, I couldnt help following the rhythm by the male Common Flameback Woodpecker (Dinopium javanense) as it pecks on the tree trunk.. kok kok kok kok kok. Although this is a common resident, this is my second lifer of the day!

The Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea) was also enjoying a hearty breakfast by the river bank. This hunter can stab quickly at a prey in the water with its special kink in the neck, and typically swallows its prey whole, thus it has a strong and efficient digestive system. A top predator in the ecosystem, presence of a healthy number of herons are good indicators that our wetland is healthy. Nonetheless, these majestic birds are threathened by loss of habitat locally.

I used to think that the Striated Heron (Butorides striatus) a.k.a Little Heron has a really short neck as I often see it in its usual egg-shaped stance, until I witness one in hunting action. Looking intently at the water for its meal, it can also stab quickly at the prey by extending its neck. This is apparently one smart bird that knows how to use a bait to fish. A solitary bird, they usually hunt alone and are highly territorial.

Listed as a vulnerable species in the IUCN list due loss of coastal habitat and excessive hunting, the Milky Storks (Mycteria cinerea) that we see at the reserve are unlikely to be wild ones. This individual was pacing up and down, dragging its slightly opened bill in the water to feed. It was quite a joy to watch it raise one wing intermittently, probably to stir prey movement.

I have to try and find time to visit the reserve again, else I'll have to wait for 6 months before meeting the migratory birds in September again.

21 Feb 2010: They are back at Sungei Buloh!

2010-02-23T04:52:00.004+08:00

Instead of the usual bright and sunny morning, the skies were gloomy as I approached the Kranji area. I was a little disappointed thinking that I won't get to see much since bird activities tend to be reduced when theres lesser sunshine. Worst of all, I was afraid that it will rain! Thankfully the weather held up and this wonderful nature reserve never fails to surprise me.

Happy that the tide was very low when I reached the reserve as this means that there is a chance to see the Esturine Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus). "Really got crocodile meh? Will it appear?" I overheard the skeptical conversation of group of visitors. "Yah, there is. I'm sure it is around here (erh) somewhere. I've seen it before' the kaypo me interrupted them, with a smile of course. Indeed, (many) minutes later, Crocodile 2 (I think) appeared!

It harboured around the usual area near the main bridge and was submerged most of the time, except for its eyes.

Then, it swam into to a small pool of water by the river bank. This is the third time I've seen it there. At this spot, the crocodile is very well camouflaged like a log and difficult to spot unless with a pair of keen eyes, perhaps the reason for its stopover.

I was hoping really hard for it to move ashore but instead, the crocodile decided to swim away fairly swiftly a while later. It does so by tucking its feet to its sides while swimming which allows it to swim faster as water resistance is decreased.

It headed towards the opposite bank and soon, I lost sight of it after it dipped below the surface. For ten minutes, it didnt resurface, and I presumed that it had swam away.

I decided to try my luck at birding at platform 2 and met a huge Malayan Water Monitor (Veranus salvator) along the trail, enjoying a bask.

As I walked on, a family of 4 walked past me, heading towards the monitor liazard. Few seconds later, I heard a commotion. I turned and was shocked that the grandfather was standing just next to the monitor lizard, which flinged its tail at the grandfather's leg in defence. Perhaps a reflexed reaction, the grandfather, to my horror, raised his feet to kick the lizard! (although I cant tell whether he touched the lizard from where I was standing).

I quickly ran over to check if he was hurt and attempted to explain why they shouldnt do so, but was ignored, and even shot a dirty look. ARGH!! Really, this reptile may look menacing, but they are shy of human beings. They typically flee instead of fight when approached. It was just basking in the sun, so we really should be leaving them alone.

I hang around platform 2 for some time (still feeling sore about the monitor lizard episode), and made my way back to the main bridge. I was mad happy to see the crocodile on the opposite bank. Finally, a full view of it on land!

It slowly opened its mouth, probably to regulate its temperature/ cool off, due to a lack of sweat glands.

Side view of the crocodile with its mouth opened.

The dentist says....'ah'...

'AHH....'

'AHHHHHH...'

For some reasons, the crocodile made a noise that sounded like a cough/ hiss and snapped its jaws closed. I found clips of crocodile calls by Dr. Adam Britton on the internet and what I heard sounds like a threat call (listen to the first & second clip - although recorded from a different species), not sure though.

I didnt realised how big this crocodile is as it is often submerged in water. From snout to tail, it is approximately 3m in length. With plenty of food such as fishes in the reserve, I won't be surprised if it grows larger (and hopefully by then, this top predator won't be removed and the ecosystem upsetted).

Frontal view....

*ROAR*

This pack of dogs was pacing up and down the coast from one end to the other. As they walked nearer to where the freshwater pond was, one of them suddenly picked up pace and barked. Soon, a loud squeal was heard. The stray dog was chasing a smooth otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) !!

Thankfully the otter ran into the water in time, and the dog gave up its chase. *Phew*. Clearly, the water is the otter's safer haven given its strength in swimming.

For me, it was always hearsay that the stray dogs attack the otters. I guess I wasnt quite pleased to witness the action myself. Listed as a vulnerable species, I really hope for the Smooth Otter population to remain the same if not grow in size at Sungei Buloh. There are mix views about whether the authorities (and as usual, which one) should cull the dogs. I guess we do not have to put them to sleep, but removing them from the reserve could be an option?

鳄鱼和水獭, 你们去哪里避年了?

2010-02-14T22:21:00.163+08:00

One of the best things to do on a Saturday morning is to go on a nice leisure nature trip, so it was early rise and shine for me on the past 2 saturdays, including 除夕 on which I had a date with Hazel (actually, its more accurate to say that I dragged her along) at Sungei Buloh.

I arrived at the reserve earlier than expected, and was happy to hear the loud flapping of the Pink-necked Green Pigeon's wings (Treron ~~olax~~ vernans) as it landed on a tree near the entrance of the reserve.

A barren tree on one side of the Bamboo River was decorated with a flock of Little Egrets (Egretta garzetta) , and an outstanding Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea) (an Egret-wannabe, you think?).

As usual, with the hope of seeing the otters, I was excited to see sudden ripples in the water towards the main bridge. I was estatic, thinking that it was them! But it was just my imagination as the ripples were caused by a school of fishes, much to Hazel's amusement.

My favorite Stork-billed Kingfisher (Halcyon capensis) helped to decrease my disappointment index with its splendid performance.

Our largest kingfisher in Singapore dived quickly into the water and with great accuracy, it grabbed a fish with its powerful dagger-like beak, before returning to the same branch. As it began devouring its breakfast, the kingfisher showed us its ferociousness as it beats its prey repeatedly on the branch. The Hazel beside me exclaimed 'Wah, so fierce...' with every smack. This hunter eventually swallowed the fish whole.

Unfortunately, tide was really high that morning, and we didnt have any chances in spotting the migratory waders on the mudflats. We decided to focus on our mission to see some reptiles and embarked on Route 1.

The usual voice of the mangroves was exceptionally loud, and we were quick to find the Mangrove Cicada (Purana tigrina) clinging onto the bark of a tree just by the trail. These attention seeking male Cicadas goes all out to attract the opposite gender (just like man, isn't it? =P) by singing using 2 membranes within their abdomen that vibrates.

We froze in our tracks in order not to scare away this bird that was foraging some 10, 20 m infront of us. I didnt manage to take a clear shot, but it looks like the Emerald Dove (Chalcophaps indica). It eventually disappeared into the undergrowth.

I was just sharing the 'gross' encounter with a troop of Cotton Stainer Bugs (Dysdercus decussatus) during a training trip with the RMBR guides some months ago. My dear friend also experienced the same, as I happened to spot another colony of them (estimate the number by multiplying the picture below by 10) congregating on the Sea Hibiscus. Safety in numbers, they say.

Somehow, we were stopped in our tracks by animals several times yesterday. This time round, the Malayan Water Monitor (Veranus salvator) swaggered in front of us. While it is generally not harmful to humans, we were still hesistant in approaching it and were wishing that it would quickly walk into the nearby undergrowth.

The scavenger, instead (as if reading our minds), walked to the middle of the trail and slump itself flat to bask in the sun!! While we know they are cold-blooded and requires the sun's help to warm itself, we can't help being amusd by what seems like its deliberate attempt to frustrate us.

The Batik Golden Web Spider (Nephila antipodiana), recognised by the yellow spots of its upper abdomen, was a common sight. We spotted at least 5-6 of them throughout the walk.

The golden-coloured silk, which gives the spider its name, forms a strong web. The web is built at a slight angle, enabling the catch of larger flying insects.

Can you spot the much smaller spider on the same web? I wonder if its the male spider, which is far smaller in size than the female.

After 3 hours, there were still no crocodile nor otter in sight. We decided to go for a quick walk on the mangrove boardwalk, hoping that the otters will be at the fresh water pond (which, of course, did not happen) after our detour.

As it was high tide, it was no surprise that the tree-climbing crabs (Episesarma sp.) were seen climbing tree trunks above the water level, to avoid aquatic predators. These tree-climbing crabs are also known as Vinegar Crabs. Preserved in vinegar and salt, they were/ are favoured by the Teochew community - must ask my Teochew friends next time.

These 3 individuals lined up orderly in their climb.. 排排坐, 吃果果...

A close up of the Violet Vinegar Crab (Episeserma versicolor), the most common species locally, which has a distinct violet-coloured pincer with white tips.

We also saw several Shield bugs (Calliphara nobilis) on a leaf.

It was almost noon and we decided to call it a day and headed towards the cafeteria. Even before CNY commences, we already started gorging ourselves silly on unhealthy food to satisfy our hunger after a long walk...

While I didnt get to see the crocodiles yesterday, I saw not 1, but 2 Estuarine Crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) last Saturday.

While processing my photos, I wasnt able to differentiate the 2 individuals effectively, except that the colour looks a wee bit different, the slit behind their eyes a wee different.. and their 'sey' a wee bit different too.

These top predators have been making frequent visits to the reserve. Our ecosystem must be quite healthy, with plenty of fishes for them to feed on. Thus, they are unlikely to pose a danger to us, unless provoked.

Crocodile 1

Crocodile 2

Last Saturday's trip started with a trek at Sungei Kadut. The wet socks and shoes were thankfully worthwhile as we managed to see the flowering Kalak Kambing (Finlaysonia obovata). Read more about this rare mangrove climber at Ron's blog.

I didn't notice that there were 2 pairs of fruits till I took a closer look at the photo at home. These mature fruits were spotted along Kranji Nature trail. The climber's nectar must be quite sweet to have attracted many Weaver Ants (Oecophylla smaragdina)!

We initially thought it was 1 lonely Altas Moth (Attacus atlas) that we saw, but was pleasantly surprised to find a pair whom appeared to be mating. Considered as one of the largest moths in the world, they are apparently cultivated for their brown, wool-like silk, which is said to have greater durability.

My last sighting of the day was the Common Greenback Frog (Hylarana erythraea) , mediating at the fresh water pond. While this frog is fairly shy (and very well camouflaged), it is agile and a very strong jumper

Had a great time on both trips, and you bet, I'll be back very soon to try my luck at sighting the Otters (again) !

And oh yes, Happy Chinese New Year to all! and... Happy Valentines' day too:

Guided walk at Semakau on a (not so) Sunny Sunday afternoon

2010-02-01T03:11:00.397+08:00

On my first guided walk in 2010, we were threatened by an overcast weather. Thankfully, we were only douse with a slight drizzle at the end of the walk.

Together with a fellow GV, we were attached to a group of Sec 3 students from Punggol Sec School. Hopefully, the 'Nudibranchs' who felt that they were forced to come for the trip initially would now feel glad that their teachers had forced them to come. =P

Our first few animals of the day were small crabs scampering on the sandy shore, including this cute Soldier Crab (Dotilla myctiroides). Instead of flattened bodies, their bodies are round and they can walk forward unlike other crabs. Soldier Crabs typically move in large troops, probably how its name is derived, but unfortunately this scene is not so common anymore. It feeds on detritus in the sand by scooping sand to its mouth using its pincers. The shifted sand is then discarded in the form of a small round ball.

With some careful observation, we were able to see orange dots darting into burrows. As usual, the male Porcelain Fiddler Crab (Uca annulipes) were eager to attract attention by waving their single huge pincer, as if playing the fiddle. During their mating season, their pincers are clad in even brighter colours to create an alluring appearance (a similar behaviour observed of man too). Apart from being a great asset in courtship, the pincer is actually quite a handicap as it requires more to maintain. Having said so, it is quite a feat to be able to survive with this 'liability', thus females are likely to be attracted to those with larger claws.

Much larger in size as compared the Soldier Crab & Fiddler Crab, the Swimming Crab (Thalamita pelsarti) lifted up its pincers aggressively as we crowded around the container. Swimming crabs are easily identified by their last pair of legs that are paddle-liked (vs the rest of its legs that are pointed) which enables it to swim very well. Their speed and agility, coupled with their long and strong pincer, helps it to catch fish and other fast moving prey.

Our first Sea Cucumber of the day is the Synaptid Sea Cucumber (Family Synaptidae), whom some thought was a worm! This is the longest Sea Cucumber that can grow up to 3m long! This cute small fellow is probably a juvenile, and was gingerly lashing it's feathery feeding tentacles in the water to feed on small particles. Their body wall is very thin and is thus very delicate, so its important that we do not handle them. Instead of tube feet, they have hooked spicules to stick to things. I wonder if this is the inspiration in the invention of the velcro.

Everyone had a chance to experience the cooling water of one of the longest stretch of Tape Seagrass in Singapore. The Seagrass habitat is important to the entire ecosystem as it provides shelter for many young marine animals. This is in addition to its dutiful role of giving oxygen to our environment when it photosynthsizes.

The Sandfish Sea Cucumber (Holothuria scabra) surely must make an appearance, especially when CNY is around the corner - this is the species that some human beings deem as a delicacy. However, they must be processed before it is edible as it is mildly poisonous. It is a good burrower in sand, probably thats how it got its name. Unlike us, sea cucumbers circulates water through its body to transfer nutrients and thus can get very stressed out when they are out of water. As such, we should always leave these animals in their natural habitat.

Everyone was familiar with the movie 'Finding Nemo' and was quick to identify the Anemone, which has sticky tentacles with stingers that inject a toxin affecting smaller animals. While these stings do not hurt us very much (except that of the Hell's Fire Anomone), they can leave welts on sensitive skin, which is why we always caution participants in touching any animals.

We didnt see a clownfish but instead an Anemone Shrimp (Periclimenes brevicarpalis) which coats itself with mucus produced by the anemone to prevent being stung. This 'free loader' not only feeds on left over food from the anemone, and also gets protection from predators, however does not return any favour to the anemone.

We were really lucky to see the Moon Snail (Polinices mammilla) as it is usually more active at night. Round and pearly white, just like the moon, it is a ferocious predator of other bivalves and snails. It suffocates its prey by wrapping its huge body around its subject. If this fails, it can secrete an acid to soften the victim's shell, creating a hole with some help from its radula to feed on the prey.

The hunter-seekers also found us a Sand collar which is the Moon Snail's egg mass. The Moon Snail lies at the centre of the collar, turns round and round like a ballet dancer while combining its eggs, mucus and sand in a thick sheet which hardens to form the collar. The Sand Collar disintegrates after the eggs hatch, so we must not touch an intact Sand Collar in case we destroy the thousands of living eggs it contains.

Flatworms like this Acanthozoon sp.are unsegment worms, and are named so because its really very flat! Because it is very flat, it can move into any crevices to hide but are also very fragile and tears easily, so we should never handle them. It doesnt have a respiratory or blood circulation system, instead, oxygen diffuses across its body. While it may look like an elegant swimmer, this carnivore is a predatory as it can inject digestive juices resulting in a liquidfied victim which it will drink up.

Glad to see the mascot of our group - Polka Dot Nudibranch (Jorunna funebris). Nudibranch translated in latin means 'Naked Gills' and refers to the exposed feather-like rhinophores on its back, said to have sensory functions in detecting prey/ mate. A type of sea slug, Nudibranchs are born with shells but loses them as they become adults. Thus, species like the Polka Dot Nudibranch acquire poisons from the blue sponge it feeds on as a defense mechanisim; others develop bad tasting glands to repel predators. Most of the nudibranches are clad in bright colours to warn predators of its poisonous or bad tasting nature.

Here is another species of Nudibranch, the Gymnodoris rubropapulosa,

and the Phyllid Nudibranch (Phyllidiella nigra) which is said to be very poisonous. While we show our emotions when stressed, this Nudibranch can release toxins into the water when they are stressed, which could possibly kill other marine organisms.

Taking the lead in Semakau's gallery of seastars is the Sandsifting Sea Star, which got its name from its behaviour of burrowing in the sand. This pair that we saw was getting ready for copulation by practising external fertilisation. Although close to each other with alternating arms, their reproductive organs do not meet. They can stay in this position for a while to wait for the best opportunity to release sperms and eggs outside of their body when the tide comes in.

I was really happy to see the 2 juevenile Cushion Star (Culcita novaeguineae). I was sharing with the group that the yellow Cushion Star was slimmer the last few times I saw it, am happy that it is putting on weight and on its way to adulthood! Its round shape and thick calcified body walls makes it more difficult for fish and other predators to bite it.

Wowing the group with its size is our Project Semakau icon, the Knobbly Sea Star (Protoreaster nodosus). Named after the knobs on its body, this Sea Star can grow as wide as 30cm. While they may look quite dangerous with its knobs and bright colours, they are not poisonous. Similar to the Cushion star, its heavy body that is calcified makes it difficult to be preyed on. Interestly, their stiff-looking arms are quite flexible just like a gymnast! Due to the aquarium trade and loss of habitat, these pretty Sea Stars are unfortunately endangered on our shores.

Another good indication of the good health of our shores, this Noble Volute (Cymbiola nobilis) was laying eggs and we were careful not to disturb it in case we cause any destruction.

Not quite evident in the blur picture that I took, I shall play cheat by using a previous photo taken at Semakau. Although often covered with algae, the Noble Volute actually have a very beautiful shell which has also resulted in overcollection and thus the vulnerability of the species. Another fierce predator, the Noble Volute presses its foot on the prey. When the suffocating victim tries to open its shell to breathe, the Volute then capitalises on the chance to attack & feed.

The Upside-down Jellyfish (Cassiopea sp) has a reason for its posture. Algae lives on the underside of the Jellyfish amongst its tentacles. In order for the algae to photosynthesize, the jellyfish remains in the upside-down position for the algae to get sunlight. While the jellyfish provides shelter and home, the algae shares the food it makes with its host. A win-win situation!

The resident Oscellated Sea Cucumber (Stichopus ocellatus) awed many of us with its sheer size. By far, this is the largest I've seen at Semakau. The eye rings on the body are said to have sensory function to help it move around.

Our 4th Sea Cucumber of the day was the Stonefish Sea Cucumber (Actinopyga lecanora). Unlike the Sandfish Sea Cucumber which has rough skin, the Stonefish Sea Cucumber is much better at beauty care with its smooth surface, looking just like a very well-polished stone.

The tide was low enough for us to meet the smiley resident Fluted Giant Clam (Tridacna squamosa). As the name suggests, this is one of the largest bivalves. Unlike other clams, the Giant Clam's fleshy body plays host to the algae. This is also why the mantle is usually exposed to sunlight to allow the algae maximum resources to make food. This is another animal kingdom example of mutualism as the clam provides a home for the algae, while the algae in return, shares the homemade food.

Presenting the Nudibranchs who were such wonderful participants. Certainly hope that they enjoyed the walk as much as I do. =)

1st Hunting-Seeking - Knobblies Galore!

2010-01-31T23:08:00.001+08:00

My first hunting-seeking survey in 2010 was a splendid one with lots of Knobbly Sea Star appearances (for once!). After the past few lonesome hunting-seeking surveys, I grew not to take any partners for granted! This time round, I teamed up with a great partner and thanks to her, the survey was quite smooth sailing.

We spotted quite a few crabs, and heres a juvenile Swimming Crab (Thalamita sp.)Flower Crab (Portunus pelagicus. Swimming crabs are easily identified from their last pair of legs that are paddle-liked, while the rest of its legs are pointed, which enables it to swim very well. Their speed and agility, coupled with their long pincer, helps it to catch fish and other fast moving prey.

It seems that we have 'invaded the privacy' of these 2 Dog Whelks (Nassarius pullus). One was intially on top of the other, but soon both went on their separate ways after we stared at it for some seconds. These snails have long siphons which they use to detect dead matter. Without these important scavengers, dead animals will not be dispose off quickly, and their rotten body will pollute the environement, eventually affecting us.

We saw a number of Sandfish Sea Cucumbers (Holothuria scabra), albeit in different habitats. This sea cucumber is the species that some human beings deem as a delicacy. However, they must be processed first as it is mildly poisonous. Often burrowing in sand (and thus its name), it uses its tube feet to cling onto surfaces. Unlike us, sea cucumbers circulates water through its body to transfer nutrients and can get very stressed out when they are out of water. Thus, we should always leave these animals in their natural habitat, or if we really have to, not remove them from water for too long.

An Orange Fan Worm, which probably got its name from its feather-like tentacles, was also recorded. We always take extra care by approaching this segmented worm slowly as it is very sensitive to movements, and retreats into its home (a flexible tube) in lightning speed once they sense danger. A role model of the 3Rs (reuse, reduce, recycle), the Fan Worm personalises its home by building it with sand and its own mucus. A very green and inexpensive way, isnt it? Apart from its purpose as a hiding place, the tube also keeps the worm moist if they are exposed at low tide.

Perhaps starting the trend of using black coloured lipstick, Black Lipped Conch (Strombus urceus) almost escaped my not-so-keen eyes due to its excellent camouflaging, with algae & particles covering its shell. Like other conches, it has a strong operculum that helps it skip around.

A few Gigantic Anemone (Stichodactyla gigantea) were also spotted. With sticky and stinging tentacles, Anemones trap and entangle animals that carelessly bump into them. While the toxin from the stingers generally affects smaller animals, it may leave welts on sensitive skin, so, better not touch them! In one of the anemones, a clownfish was darting around underneath it. Clownfish has a layer of mucus over its body which protects it from the stinging tentacles and thus enjoys a cordial symbiotic relationship with the Anemone. The clownfish gets shelter from the anemone, and in turn protects it from predators.

I chanced upon a pair of twins and decided to take their portrait even though we were not required to record Corals. The Sunflower Mushroom Coral (Heliofungia actiniformis) is often mistaken with the Anemone due to its long tentacles. It has a stalk when it is juvenile, resembling that of a mushroom, thus its name. As it grows older, this stalk breaks off, and they end up free living (长大了, 翅膀硬了,会'走'了). This hard coral is like a bungalow as it is a single polyp/ animal, unlike other hard corals which are like HDB/ Condo as they contain many polyps living together.

We saw 2 Polka Dot Nudibranchs (Jorunna funebris) side by side, looking quite jovial and carefree. Nudibranch, translated in latin, means 'naked gills' and refers to the exposed feather-like rhinophores on its back. A type of sea slug, Nudibranchs are born with shells but loses them as they become adults. Thus, to replace the protective shell, species like the Polka Dot Nudibranch acquire poisons from the blue sponge it feeds on; others develop bad tasting glands to repel predators. Most of the nudibranches are clad in bright colours to warn predators of its poisonous or bad tasting nature.

Good things seem to come in pairs. Near the reef edge, 2 Red Swimming Crabs (Thalamita spinimana) were motionless amongst the coral, quite unlike its usual agile self when it senses movement/ danger. One of them was feeding on what looks like a prawn for dinner, perhaps too contented to notice our presence.

I was hoping to show my partner the Octopus (Order Octopoda) as its her first time exploring the shores of Semakau. This kind fellow seem to have heard my wish, and appeared right in front of me. One of the smartest invertebrate, Octopuses are known to be capable of learning and is able to remember its tracks and even open jars. Without a skeleton, it is more flexible than an olympic gymnast and can move into the tiniest crevices. A fierce predator, it uses its tentacles with powerful suckers to catch its prey, before paralysing the prey with a bite. With special cells, the Octopus can change its colour instantly for the best camouflage.

On our way back, a Blue bordered flatworm ,seeking refuge on a blade of seagrass, caught my attention. Apparent from its name, Flatworms are very flat and can hide into any crevices. Being very flat, it does not have a respiratory or circulation system. Instead, oxygen diffuses through its body. Another fierce predator although of small animals, it kills by injecting digestive juices into the prey and sucked up the end product of a liquified meal.

I wonder whether it is my partner whom brought me the luck, we recorded a total of 18 Knobbly Sea Stars (Protoreaster nodosus)! Drawing its name from the knobs on its body, this is one of the largest Sea Star on our shores. Unfortunately, due to overcollection in the aquarium trade and rapid destruction of habitat, the Knobbly Sea Star is a threatened species in local waters. It is heartening to see so many of them, which proves that our shores are healthy enough as a place for them to identify as home.

A treat to the stunning scenary of Semakau usually awaits us at the end of evening surveys. The peaceful and serene shoreline is a good reminder of the purpose of our continuous effort in Project Semakau. Hopefully, it will all pay off and this piece of land that is rich with biodiversity will be conserve, and not end up like....

this contrasting island by its side.....

Beginner's luck really works wonders..

2010-01-31T12:52:00.001+08:00

Finally our date materialised, and I was at SBWR with yy last Sunday. Thanks to her virgin trip, her luck brought us many interesting sightings! (And, I think I found a twitcher in her!)

She was introduced to the usual residents such as Archerfishes and Half-beaks at the main bridge. In the distance, the migratory Little Egrets were foraging for food. We couldn't miss the Pacific Golden Plovers, Red and Green Shanks on the mudflats as well. After spending some time at the main hide, we decided on the route towards Platform 2 which, we later realised, was a great move.

As we were about to reach platform 1, a loud 'cluck cluck cluck' sound distracted us. Wondering if it was a bird call, we were searching for movements in the canopy before realising that it was the Plantain Squirrel's (Callosciurus notatus) way of telling us that it is enjoying a hearty breakfast.

Easily recognised by the black and white stripes by its side, this local squirrel is often seen in the mangroves. With great agility, one can often see it leaping from branch to branch

Platform 2 was a great stop for us. On the opposite bank, a Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea) was easily spotted being in full view. This hunter can stab quickly at a prey in the water with its special kink in the neck, and typically swallows its prey whole, thus have a strong and efficient digestive system.

On a closer look, 3 other Grey Herons were resting on a tree not too far away. A top predator in the ecosystem, presence of a healthy number of herons are good indicators that our wetland is healthy and conducive. Unfortunately, these majestic birds are threathened by loss of habitat locally.

We observed another 3 more Grey Herons landing on the same tree. Maybe theres a special attraction between that tree and the Herons, but it was getting a little crowded. =P

Overhead, 2 White-bellied Fish Eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster) hovered, swooning occasionally, close to ground. The other visitors were so thrilled and were commenting that it was a free performance by the Eagles. Unfortunately, all I managed were very blurred shots not worthy of posting.

The only consolation was the elegant Great Egrets (Casmerodius albus), whose flight I managed to capture. Must be a double-bliss day - apart from the pair of eagles, we also witness a pair of Great Egrets 'chasing' each other in flight. This species is the largest egret in Singapore and is distinguished by the pronounced kink in the nick.

We were chanting 'otters otters' and 'crocodile crocodile' but it didnt work. With our main objective at Platform 2 not accomplished, we retreated back to the main bridge in view of time constraints.

On our way back, I pointed out the 'Ba Chang' look-alike leaves to yy. These triangular shaped leaves are actually homes of the Weaver Ant (Oecophylla smaragdina). This complex nest is build by worker ants who joins the edges of the leaves using a strong silk produced by squeezeing a larva.

Its beginner's luck because 2 surprises were awaiting us at the main bridge! Instantly, I assumed that the Estuarine Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) has made is appearance again, after seeing Dr Chua at the main bridge with a few other cameras pointing at the water.

I was hoping for some action that I missed the day before, and was staring intently at the Crocodile when yy exclaimed, 'OTTER'. I gave her the skeptical look but soon had to take it back. True enough, a small head bobbed in and out of water! It was too fast for me to capture any shots, and I was also busy worrying for this chap, as it was swimming just 10m away from the crocodile. Thank goodness for its agility in water!

Before we left, I wanted to try our luck at the fresh waterpond, thinking that the Otter might return. Instead, it was the Yellow Bittern (Ixobrychus sinensis) that caught our attention for 10 full minutes. Well protected beneth the Simpoh Ayer, it was enjoying a feast by extending its neck quickly to stab on probably fishes in the pond.

While we only managed to cover the distance from main bridge to Platform 2, it was one of my most efficient trip to Sungei Buloh, having seen so many amazing animals and birds. I guess, it also gives a reason to bring yy back for the mangrove boardwalk in future. =)

A morning of action at SBWR

2010-01-24T15:59:00.001+08:00

I was at Sungei Buloh yesterday to guide a group of colleagues from the Bank, in support of a fellow GV's Climate Change Project. Instead of tagging along for the mangrove trees planting, I decided to take a walk of my own and was rewarded with scenes from Nat Geog (well... almost...).

The Estuarine Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) was in action, this time causing more excitement than usual.

It was initially taking a leisure swim at the opposite Bank, about 20m away from the bridge, exhibiting only its head. Shortly after, it was fully submerged and I lost sight of it.

A few seconds later, it reappeared but was swimming towards the main bridge.

Slowly but steadily, it looked just like a log floating on water - there were no ripples at all!

For a long while, the crocodile parked itself by the water edge and remain submerged. Our bewilderment was soon answered by a bobbing figure on the mudflat.

A Common Sandpiper (Actitis hypoleucos) was foraging for food, bobbing its tail up and down as it walked about. The stalking thus began. The crocodile was stalking the Sandpiper. And we, were stalking the crocodile. =)

The Sandpiper paced up and down the water edge, obviously unaware of the danger and the existence of the crocodile.

It was no question that this crocodile was in a hunting mode. It adopted the underwater approach by orienting its head towards the Sandpiper, positioning itself in the immediate vicinity of this potential prey.

Slowly, the crocodile's head silently emerges, inching closer to the bird. The move was so sleek that one could hardly notice the movement.

The Sandpiper clearly was one of those who did not notice this move. As it walked closer and closer to the water edge, my heart started beating faster and faster too. Beside me, a visitor's mumbling of 'oh no. oh no.' became louder and quicker. Momentarily, both of us held our breathe when the bird was within striking distance of the crocodile, fearing for what we assume will happen.

Not sure if the roots of the Avicennia was obstructing the way, but the crocodile never struck. I was hoping that it will lunge forward with the jaws opening then slam shut. Cruel to the Sandpiper, but thats the way how nature and the food chain works, isnt it?

The Sandpiper must have sensed the danger (or perhaps heard our gasps) and started taking off in short, jerky flight, landing a short distance away.

The crocodile then emerged from the water but it was all too late. The Sandpiper has landed too far away.

Minutes later, the croc also lost patience in waiting for the Sandpiper to return. It walked up the river bank, in anticipation of its next potential prey while basking in the sun.

I really couldnt believe the coincidence. Just as the Sandpiper disappears, a Striated Heron (Butorides striatus) emerged some metres behind the crocodile.

I doubt it would be in any danger though since this shy but intelligent bird typically would take flight long before it is in danger.

I left before I could witness any hunting actions of the crocodiile as the guided walk was about to commence. Just as I was about to walk away, a few school children sauntered past and was joking about how it was quite impossible to see the crocodile. Their expression of amazement was priceless, as we pointed out the crocodile to them.

I've always wanted to take a photo of the sign, with the crocodile in the background. Although the crocodile is fairly far away in this instance, its probably the best that I can get, for now. =)

The entire episode has reinforced my 2010 and 2011's resolution to plan for trips to Borneo and Kruger, for a bit of Nat Geog action! =P

A trip to the forgotten Chinese Garden

2010-01-10T23:00:00.000+08:00

'Huh? You mean there are birds at Chinese Garden?' was the typical response I received when some friends learnt of my trip to the uluated west end of Singapore.

I was also not so sure initially, but the 3-hr long trip certainly changed my view of the place I last visited almost 15 yrs ago.

Minutes after we arrived, a flock of Milky Storks (Mycteria cinerea) flew past overhead. Likely to be escapees, this a vulerable species largely due to the rapid loss of habitat. Not sure if we are still able to see wild ones in Singapore.

I made a casual comment that this Yellow Bittern (Ixobrychus sinensis) did not look natural since it was not in its usual surroundings of thick vegetation/ water edge, but was fully exposed.

My companions said I must have incurred its wrath as the bittern immediately took flight just as I ended my sentence with a full stop. Tsk, what a petty little fellow.

It was still in full view though, after landing on a tree some distrance away.

This tree looked as if it has tilted to one side under the weight of a flock of Asian Glossy Starlings (Aplonis panayensis) who decided to perch only on the left side of the tree.

It was near sunset, and flocks of Cattle Egrets (Babulcus ibis) flew 'home' after, what I assumed, a long day of adventure.

I have often seen Cattle egrets on patches of grassland, and sometimes by the MRT tracks, but never have I seen that many of them perched on a huge tree at any one time. I tried counting, and gave up after numerous attempts.

Some of them were in their breeding plumage with a rufous buff on their head and neck.

A good example of 鹤立鸡群 as it was not that difficult to see our tallest bird in Singapore - the Grey Heron (Ardea Cinerea) standing amongst the sea of white.

A golfer must have hit a bad shot, sent the ball flying towards the water, and startled the flock of Egrets. Though this resulted in a magnificient scene of a flock of Egrets circling the area, looking for a better and probably safer tree to perch and rest.

Nearby, a Collared Kingfisher's (Todiramphus chloris) attempts to capture our attention with its harsh laughter-like call were not futile. I embarked on my mission to 'hunt' it down and eventually found it perching on a bare branch. While the typical impression is that Kingfisher only eats fish (probably owing to its name), it also feeds on crustaceans, insects and small lizards. Interestingly, they have been observed to beat a large prey against the branch below devouring it.

Not an uncommon sight at marshes, the White-breasted Waterhen (Amaurornis phoenicurus) was foraging near the water edge, occasionally probing with its bill in the mud for food.

Apart from the plentiful species of birds, there were, of course, lots of plants too. Although its my second encounter with the Mickey Mouse plant (Ochna serrulata), I still could not fathom how it got its common name.

I was told to look closely at the sepals and imagine Micky. I did. But it still didnt work.

Then, I thought perhaps, it is the fruits that gave it its name. With some ingenious imagination, the fruits do resembles the looks of Mickey, to some extent.

After surfing the net, I learnt that the these green fruits are actually immature and will develop into round black and succulent fruits, surrounded by the bright red sepals. The black thus resembles the black ears of Mickey, and the red sepals - Mickey's face. Ah ha.... I shall remember to look for such an image when I next see the plant.

It was gangsterism by the pond as I engaged in a staring competition with the tortiose. =P I escaped unscathed, and ended the day in high spirits having had a great walk.

Pleased with our sightings of the day, I was also quietly ashamed of myself for having the perception that our Chinese Garden is a boring place with nothing much to offer. Certainly a great place for a slow and leisure walk with nature.

Oh yes, and one of my takeaways from the trip.. is that a fruit tree is very simly erm.. a tree that bears fruits. =P

First intertidal walk of 2010!

2010-01-06T01:48:00.003+08:00

I was a zombie on Pulau Hantu (pun not intended - hantu means ghost in Malay) on New Year's day, with little sleep the night before, and after a strenuous badminton game that morning. Nonetheless, it was all worthwhile for my first encounter with the seahorse (yes... after 1 yr in the intertidal area...), and a photo of the utterflyfish.

We arrived at our destination after an hour-long boat ride. The skies were getting a little dark, and we were getting a weeeee bit worried but tried to be as optimistic about the weather as we can.

After a short briefing, we headed towards the intertidal area but end up racing back to the hut some 2 minutes later because it started pouring! Thankfully the rain stopped after an hour else the trip will be in vain.

We started our recce which was conducted in preparation of the public walks in 2010. After walking past the mangroves, we reached the intertidal area and I was greeted by (my guess) the inspiration of Spongbob Square Pants - Sponges!

Sponges are actually animals and not plants, despite its appearance. They are the simplest form of animal with no respiratory or circulation system, and feeds by filter feeding ie they pump water in and out of itself and pick up edible particles.

Interestingly, this is also the sponge that we use at home, or rather, used to use at home. Nowadays, we use synthetic sponges now instead of real dried sea sponges.

Sexy lips, aren't they? =P This is the Black-Lipped Conch (Strombus urceus) and is easily recognisd by the black border around the edges of the shell's underside. This is yet another animal that is vulnerable on our shores, due to the loss of habitat because of our land reclamation & development, and also due to over collection of its shell.

I didn't see as many Sand-sifting Sea Star (Archaster typicus) as I did on Semakau, but still managed to capture a phone of one. This Sea Star burrows into and sifts the sand, thus its name. They move with their tube feet, which also helps to bring food to its mouth, both found on its underside.

One of the more exciting sighting on the trip was this Red Egg Crab (Atergatis integerrimus). I've never seen the full view of one before. It was hiding under rocks (and therefore partially hidden) the last few times I chanced upon it. Looking red and succulent, some people might mistake it as a delicious delicacy, just like the chilli crabs that some people are in love with. Rule of thumb in the animal kingdom: Bright colours, avoid. This is in fact a highly poisonous crab, in fact, the toxins can't be rid of even after cooking.

In a tidal pool, the Bohol Nudibranch (Discodoris boholiensis) was showing us its elegant slow dance moves. Named after the exposed breathing gills found at the back of its body (Nudibranch = naked gills in latin), Nudibranchs are sea slugs with shells when young. Interestingly they lose their shells as they grow older, and develop other defense mechanisms such as toxic or bad tasting glands, and warns predators with their bright colours.

As we walked on, we were greeted by iterally, a sea of Sargassum. This is probably the most common brown algae on rocky shores, and are easily recognised by the air-filled bladders that keeps the plant body afloat. Algae (also called Seaweed) have no roots, fruits nor flowers, and are usually of a consistent colour.

While we are likely to find lots of animals beneath the Sargassum since it provides good shelter, we were treading really carefully for fear of stepping on something that we really shouldn't be, or don't want to (eg like Stonefish!).

Indeed, a volunteer spotted an animal that was maybe seeking solace among the seaweed. My first time meeting Mrs Tigertail Seahorse (Hippocampus comes), named after the its tiger-like rings on its tail. This is probably a female as it does not have a pouch. The envy of some ladies, the male seahorse shoulders the responsibility of carrying the eggs, placed by the females in their pouch. Apparently, these sea horses are normally found in pairs so not sure whether its buddy went into hiding. Although the Seahorse does not look like it, it is actually a fish! But, without scales and it swims upright instead of horizontally!

(Again) Another endangered animal (again) due to habitat destruction. In addition, its also used for traditional Chinese medicine, resulting in over fishing.

At the corner of my eye, I saw a flash of orange, which disappeared the minute I turned in its direction. Suspecting that its the Butterflyfish (Chelmon rostratus*) , I stood motionless, hoping to prove myself right, and I was! If you thought that the black dot is the eye of the fish, then you would have been fooled, just like the Butterflyfish's predators. It is said that the butterflyfish uses the false eyespots to create an impression of a head at the wrong end, thus misleading predator in attacking the less vital body areas. Sometimes, the predator may completely misses the butterflyfish with a wrong plan of attack.

Unfortunately these beautiful fishes are popular in the live aquarium trade although I'm sure they would very much prefer their freedom in the open sea.

I was surprised that this Swimming Crab (Thalamita danae) did not showed its usual aggressive stance when I approached it. It merely moved its pincer a little when it sensed my presence. As the name suggests, its a really good swimmer thanks to its last pair of paddle-like legs.

Although we were stranded for an hour, we were lucky to have some time to explore the area. Looking forward to sharing the wonders of the intertidal area at Pulau Hantu!

A great start to 2010 at Pulau Semakau!

2010-01-03T22:59:00.001+08:00

The first exploratory walk on 2 Jan 09 marked a fantastic start to the year at Pulau Semakau. Despite a rain cloud that seemed to follow our boat in heading towards Semakau, we enjoyed great weather throughout the walk. Not only so, it was a self-declared Sea Cucumber day, because there were not one, but THREE new records/ first sighting of them at Semakau! LK also successfully located her rare plants. In summary, everyone was simply overjoyed!

While some of the RMBR guides explored the usual area where we conduct our walks, I followed a few others to the extreme left side of the intertidal area, near the southern point. Hmm.. what were the guys looking at?

The Hell's Fire Anemone (Actinodendron sp.) ! There were quite a few of them in this area. The HSBC volunteers had conducted a transect at this column before, but I don't recall seeing so many of them, then. This anemone like all others, have stinging tentacles, except that it's sting is probably much more painful, to be worthy of its name. A clear distinction of this anemone is the white stripes radiating from the anemone's mouth, as well as the distinct trigular-shaped branches.

Did you think that this is a snake at first glance? Nope, this is not a snake nor a worm, but the Synaptid Sea Cucumber (Family Synaptidae). This is the longest Sea Cucumber that can grow up to 3m long! It has feathery tentacles at one end that lashes in water to feed on the detritus. Their body wall is very thin, thus very delicate so its important that we do not handle them. Instead of tube feet, they have hooked spicules to stick to things just like how the velcro works.

Although we have been seeing these Sand-sifting Sea Stars (Archaster typicus) on almost every trip, I needed to remind myself not to take them for granted. They are still vulnerable to the rapid loss of habitat or the sudden influx of freshwater like the rest of the marine life. Deriving their name from their ability to sift and burrow into sand, they actually are 'heartless' and 'brainless'!

I have a sudden affinity with Turban Shells recently, even when I wasn't looking out for them. This is likely a Turbo intercostalis since it has a smooth trapdoor which is its operculum that can completely seal the entrance of the shell. This dome-shaped door protects the occupant from unwanted guests, and looks quite like a cat's eye!

I didn't see as many Tube Anemones (Order Ceriantharia) as I did at Chek Jawa 2 weeks back. The Tube Anemone lives in a tube made up of mucus and sand, thus its name.

July spotted 2 photogenic Bigfin Reef Squids (Sepioteuthis sp.) who were very cooperative in posing for us. Interestingly, Squids are not fishes, but are molluscs and are relatives of clams and snails but do not have a heavy outer shells. They have lightweight internal skeletons and can zoom off by jet repulsion. They are actually not so blur and 'sotong' and can change their colour to communicate with each other or hide from predators. When alarmed, they may go to the extreme of squirting a cloud of 'ink' which contain substances that affect the senses of other marine animals. The clouded water also allows it to make a getaway. This is just like smoke bombs that humans use, perhaps its inspired by the Squids!

Wish answered and fulfilled! I was really hoping to see the Knobbly Sea Star (Protoreaster nodosus)before we started the walk, since I never seem to have any luck with them. Although I only saw 3, it was heartening to hear that July saw 25 of them! (see what I mean about my lack of affinity with them?). Named after the distinct knobs on their body, this species is actually endangered on our shores largely due to the loss of habitat, and in other countries to the aquarium trade. Even on Semakau, if we do not conserve their habitat by perhaps having a marine park, I wonder how long will the population persists.

I caught sight of the Hairy Crab (Pilumnus vespertilio) moving as fast as it could (although still relatively slower as compare to its swimming crab relative). While it cant' quite compete in the speed arena, it is a champion in camouflaging especially underwater when its hairs causes it to puff up and breaks its outline. On land, it blends into the surroundings too!

Speaking of the devil, 2 Swimming Crabs (Portunus pelagicus) were hiding discreetly in the seagrass meadow. The female was about to moult, and the male crab was waiting faithfully and patiently behind it, preparing for procreation.

While its not distinguished in this photo, the Noble Volute (Cymbiola nobilis) has a really pretty shell, in addition to its bright and colourful foot. Although a fierce predator that suffocates its prey with its strong foot, the Volute is often overcollected for its shell, and as food too. Nonetheless, we have been sighting egg-laying Volutes, like this one, and this is clearly a good indicator of the good health of our shores - that is if we continue to keep it this way.

It was mission accomplished when July spotted the first Galloping Sand Star (Stellaster equestris) of the day. Just last month, this star was a first record for Semakau! Marcus spotted the second one, but both seems to be in bad shape, looking fairly pale. The second we saw actually had 2 injured arms. These stars are more easily identified by its underside which has dots/ dark pigments near its mouth. Not called the Galloping Sand Star for nothing, this star can actually move by leaping or jerking. Really hope that they can nurse back their health, and we can witness them in action on our future trips.

First-records-on-Semkau galore! This was certainly beyond expectation but we are all not complaining! The first new record was the Ball Sea Cucumber (Phyllophorus sp.) that Ron found. This sea cucumber is usually buried in sandy areas, showing only their branching feeding tentacles lashing in the water for detritus.

I was near the reef edge when Ron's cries filled the air - 'Another new record', he exclaimed. Just as I arrive at the spot, he found another one of this species (*Holothuria notabilis) a few metres away from the first one, covered beneath small hills of sand.

I was delighted with my luck to have this Sea Cucumber lying in my path! I meekly asked the others what this Sea Cucumber was, fearing a kok on my head if its one that I was supposed to know, and was overjoyed that this is yet another new record! I'm not quite sure of its ID (*Bohadschia vitiensis), but we thought it looked like the Golden Pillow. =)

The entire body is covered with papulae which is said to have some sensory functions.

The trip ended on a high note with July's find of a Pentaceraster Sea Star (Pentaceraster sp.), which was sighted only once, 1 year ago.

This is certainly one of, if not, my best trips to Semakau, being treated to the exciting first records, as well as the usual beautiful sunset. What really struck me on this trip was that the RMBR folks have been there for 5 years now, and yet there is an neverending list of first records at Semakau. With such rich marine life on this island, it will really be such a waste if the habitat is lost to the development of the area.

A not so lively Changi Beach on New Year's eve

2010-01-03T13:07:00.003+08:00

I would have preferred a more cheerful sight on my first trip to Changi Beach, but I was greeted by a scene of dead fishes and jellyfishes. A dead fish stood in my way, almost every 5 steps that I take. I initially thought there was an oil spill but later read in the Straits Times that AVA had confirmed none. The same situation seemed to have hit Pasir Ris and now Ubin and it was explained that these fishes (dead) at Pasir Ris are from local fish farms and likely have died due to high level of planktons (therefore resulting in lack of oxygen), a result of sudden changes in weather. Perhaps the cause of death for these fishes I saw at Changi Beach is the same too?

Hopefully the persistent heavy rainfall will cease soon. Am worried that history will repeat itself and affect the marine life on our shores. It would be terribly heartbreaking to witness a sea of sea stars, sea cucumbers and anemones, dead instead of its usual vibrance.

I recall a conversation with a group of friends who 'laughed' at me for recycling paper from magazine as wrapping paper a few days back about Climate change. Despite the recent high level of publicity, some people are still ignorant of the issue. In fact, Singapore have tasted the effects of climate change with the recent frequent flooding, and now the case of the fish farms. While I am not the guru of this nor a good example, but I know everyone's little effort in cutting down carbon footprint will help.

Many a little makes a mickle.

Enough of the dead, to be fair, we saw quite a great deal of interesting animals too, thankfully. Here is an Orange Striped Hermit Crab (Clibanarius infraspinatus). On a closer look, seems that there is another snail free-riding on the hermit crab. Hermit crabs, while similar to those we see on the dining table, it has a soft abdomen and thus needs to 'hide' in shells for protection.

There were also quite a few Pink Warty Sea Cucumber (Cercodemas anceps) (*editted) whose bright colours added some cheer to the depressing scene.

Looking a little different out of water, the sea cucumber displays its pretty feeding tentacles which it lashes in the water to feed on detritus.

The area was littered with money too - I wished! These dollar-coin look-alike is actually a Sand Dollar (Arachnoides placenta), think I saw more than 10 of them. Sand Dollars are actually flattened relatives of the sea urchins, and have short spines that helps it walk.

A great find from LK! I initially thought this was a snail, but was taught that this is actually a bivalve. It is called a Watering-Pot shell (Brechites penis), rather rare and often only an empty tube is found.

This one was actually alive still! The long shell-like tabular structure is rather misleading. Wondering where the 2 valves of the shell are? Take a closer look at the second photo, see the 2 halves? The two valves are reduced and fused onto the walls of the calcareous tube. This shell filter-feeds by its broader end which has tiny holes, resembling a watering can, probably how it got its common name.

There were lots of Window Pane shells (Placuna sp.), and I was lucky enough that this mollusc displayed its body for me to capture a shot (LK tried to take a photo, and the shell close its valves just at the time she was about to press the button).

The world cup fever was already felt at Changi Beach before the actually event kick off! Don't this Ball Sea Cucumber (Phyllophorus sp.) resembles a (polka-dotted) soccer ball? This sea cucumber is usually buried in sandy areas but this one, I think, was found hidden among the seagrass. It has short tube feet and the entire body is covered by filaments (papulae) which helps it hold on to the substrate. Uusally, only the branching feeding tentacles are seen lashing in the water for detritus when it is buried in sand.

I was overjoyed to see a Noble Volute (Cymbiola nobilis), which never fails to impress me with its beautiful shell and foot. Other clams and snails may not agree with me though, as the Noble Volute is their fierce predator. It suffocates its prey with its strong (but very bright and pretty!) foot, and attacks when the clams opens its valve in an attempt to breathe. This one that we spotted seems to be on the lookout for its next meal, as it was sensing the environment with its siphon.

A Biscuit Sea Star (Goniodiscaster scaber), looking as if it is cut out from a cookie cutter with its smooth and regular edges, was also spotted.

First time sighting a Frog snail (Bufonaria sp.) shell - I'm referring only to the shell because this one was occupied by a hermit crab instead. It seems that living Frog snails are rarely seen. I was told that its called a Frog snail because it looks like one, but hmm think it will need quite a fair bit of imagination to see the frog. Also read that it got its name from the warty texture of the shell. Hope to see a living Frog snail soon!

Another great find, this time by Samson! Takes a pair of sharp eyes to spot as conches like this Strombus aratrum is often very well camouflaged. This conch is on our endangered list as well, possibly due to overcollection for its shell and as food. It has a relatively thick shell and has a distinctive protruding edge at one end. Take a look at the underside that is completely of a different look from the outerside, isn't it beautiful?

Like its Spider Conch relative, the Strombus aratrum has a strong operculum that acts as a trap door and a clutch for it to leap around.

a pair of curious yet cautious eyes, how very adorable!

Squid egg capsules, hopefully they will survive and hatch into squids!

We initially thought this Moon Crab was yet another moult, and only believed that its alive when it moved slightly. We must be quite lucky because the Moon Crab is more active at night and usually buried in sand in the day. This one has purple spots on its body and is probably the Ashtoret lunaris. Not a great swimmer, the moon crab compensates by having peddle-like legs that helps it burrows quickly into the sand. Their 2 pincers fit snugly against its body for a box-like appearance.

A world map laid neatly on Changi Branch - these are actually formed by the sand balls created by Sand Bubbler Crabs (Scopimera sp.). Thought it looked like France on the world map.

Sand Bubbler crabs feeds on detritus on sand particles by scraping up sand grains with their downward pointing pincers to their mouthparts. The sand is then discarded in a little ball on either of its side when it moves thus forming a path amonst the piles of sand grains leading from the burrow entrance.

After staring for a few minutes, I started seeing the sandballs moving on its own. Nah, its not my eyesight nor imagination. Sand bubbler crabs are almost the same colour as sand, and as round as the sand balls they create. They bolt into their nearby burrows at the slightest sign of danger – like a moving ball of sand!

Can you spot the crab here?

Although I was very disturbed by the number deaths of the beach, it was still, overall, a good trip with many interesting sighting. Hopefully, the weather will turn for the better soon!

'Picnic' at Sungei Buloh

2009-12-31T15:07:00.000+08:00

I tried to organise a trip to Sungei Buloh with the girls, but the date was called off as most of them already had plans for the morning. Thankfully the Zoo gang gamely agreed to a 'picnic' (sigh, although without the picnic basket and the checkered cloth) at Sungei Buloh on the morning of boxing day.

It was also my maiden attempt at using a SLR to shoot, all thanks to Samson. Although I now wonder if I'm a 朽木 at photography because most of my photos turned out grainy!! =( I like to think that with more practices, my photos will turn out better!

At the main bridge, a Plantain Squirrel (Callosciurus notatus) was scampering up and down, and looked at my with curious eyes momentarily. This species of squirrel is probably the most commonly seen in Singapore, and definitely not difficult to spot at Sungei Buloh.

Commonly seen at Sungei Buloh during this time of the year (Sep - Mar), Little Egrets (Egretta garzetta) are usually solitary and can be distinguished from the other Egrets by its black bill, legs and yellow/ green toes. Its diet consists mainly of fishes, crustaceans and molluscs.

As we walked towards platform 1, we peered through a small opening amongst the mangrove trees and saw this Little Heron (Butorides striatus) perching on a branch, motionless in its usually egg-shaped stance and looking intently at the waters for its next meal. I read that this is a smart bird that knows how to use a bait to fish. A solitary bird, they usually hunt alone and are highly territorial.

This agile Plantain Squirrel was scampering up and down the tree, and in between the roots of the mangroves. It finally decided to stuck its head into what looks like a coconut husks, probably looking for food. Or perhaps like an ostrich, it thinks that we won't see it if it can't see us. =P

We took a long break at Platform 2 for our picnic of ginger bread (courtesy of LK) and junk food, at the same time indulging ourselves with the calls of birds and insects.

Just directly opposite the platform, 2 Collared Kingfishers (Todiramphus chloris) were laughing heartily. You can't mistake their loud and harsh calls that sounds as if they were laughing. A common bird of our shores, it also feeds on crustaceans and insects, in addition to fishes.

A short distance away from the Kingfishes, a Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea) perched majestically on a branch on the opposite bank. Their features are fairly distinct - long necks, long bills, long legs. They prey on a huge range of animals from snakes to crabs to birds to molluscs. With a kink in their neck, they are able to stab quickly at the prey by extending their neck forward at fast speed.

While we were enjoying our food, we heard a splash a distance away and saw a bobbing head, and concluded that it must be the Smooth Otter! Sadly, it didnt swim in our direction and we missed our photo moment.

Little did we expect to meet it at another bird observation hide. The Smooth Otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) was sniffing its way round the mudflat, and responded to RX's attempt in mimicing its call. Not only once, but thrice, it stopped and looked in our direction, probably wondering whether which friend of his is making such a nasty call. =P

The little rascal then slowly moved towards the Little Egrets, and send the 2 elegant birds scampering, before disappearing into the mangrove.

Nearer to us, the Pacific Golden Plover (Pluvialis fulva) in his winter plummage was feasting at the mudflats. These waders have relatively long legs, large eyes and a stout bill.

Just as we were about to vacate the bird observation hide, Samson's sharp eyes spotted a Milky Stork (Mycteria cinerea) quite a distance away from us. This individual is unlikely to be a wild one though, but an escapee from the Bird Park. Unfortunately, the Milky Stork is a vulerable species due to rapid loss of habitat.

As it was getting nearer to noon, we were all beginning to feel the hunger pangs and decided to head back via the Mangrove Arboretum. Of course, one will never miss seeing the mudskippers, a faithful resident of the mangroves. This one is probably a Blue-spotted Mudskipper (Boleophthalmus boddart) which feeds on algae by grazing its teeth on the mud. Its huge bulging eyes are located at the top of its head to give it a periscope view of its environment. You can often see one by a tidal water as it needs to keep its skin wet (helps it breathe) and to replenish the water (that gives it oxygen) kept in its gills chambers.

A scene of serenity - would you have thought that this is Singapore which is more well-known as a concrete jungle?

A weekend trip to a place like Sungei buloh never fails to rejuvenate me for a fire-fighting work week ahead. You should try too!

A visit to the brave Chek Jawa

2009-12-31T08:07:00.000+08:00

I visited Chek Jawa a decade ago for the first time, after signing up for a guided walk by NEA. While memories of that trip have since been archived, I still vividly recall images of troops of male Fiddler Crabs waving their enlarged pincer at each other/ me, as if saying hi and waving goodbye. I also remember being amazed by my first encounter with the rich biodiversity that I never knew existed in Singapore.

A decade later, I return to this wetland treasure on 19 Dec, feeling a little foreign. The area seems more barren, just... not as lively as before.

Apparently, persistent drastic rainfall over a few weeks in 2007 brought flood waters into the Johor Straits, resulting in Chek Jawa being flooded with lots of freshwater. The marine animals didnt survive the ordeal then. However, it is hearty to hear that the Chek Jawa I saw on 19 Dec was one who is trying its might to nurse back its health.

My first Sea-Star of the day was the Sand-sifting Sea Star (Archaster typicus) aka the Common Sea Star. This Sea Star for its name from its action of burrowing into the sand to feed on organic detritus or escape from its predators. It uses its tube feet found on its underside to move around, and to bring food to its mouth, 2-in-1 use, how very efficient!

A tiny pink 'dot' stood out amongst the sea of brown and green (seagrass and algae), literally 万绿从中一点红. This Pink Thorny Sea Cucumber (Colochirus quadrangularis) is no longer than my index finger. In water, one can often see tts feeding tentacles at one of its end lashing around in water to collect very tiny particles in the water for food.

Its always a 50-50 guess when I come across any shells on the shore. As I quietly wish to myself for a Noble Volute, I turn this shell around and saw its occupant, the Orange Striped Hermit Crab (Clibanarius infraspinatus) instead. Unlike true crabs, Hermit Crabs have a soft abdomen, and occupy shells for protection. Therefore it is important that we do not bring shells, even broken ones, home because it can be a potential shelter for the Hermit Crab! It uses its last pair of legs to 'carry' the shell, and I often wonder whether if it feels tired carrying its house around - guess they can always stop to take a rest.

Another animal that burrows into the sand is the Sandfish Sea Cucumber (Holothuria scabra). If you find this animal very 眼熟 (familiar), you probably have seen this at your dining table (although it typically doesnt look this way after being cooked). This is the species of Sea Cucumber that some Chinese deemed as a delicacy. Do note that it requires some processing before it is edible as it is mildly poisonous.

Another regular item one can see at the barbeque stall at food centres - the Gong Gong (Strombus turturella). The small brown feature that is sticking out as seen in the middle of the picture is its operculum, which acts as a trap door. It is also used by the Gong Gong to push itself against the substrate to leap away. The Gong Gong is fairly abundant on our shores, but I cant quite imagine how one will bear to eat it after seeing its 2 very cute eyes.

I was initially excited to see a Tube Anemone (Order Ceriantharia) thinking that they are hard to come by since many anemones died during the flash flood. This excitement soon wean off because I realised there are quite many of them! I'm not complaining because this is a good sign of recovery! The Tube Anemone got its name because of its home - a tube made up of mucus and sand! How very green of them to recycle existing materials.. =)

I was hoping to find a Key-Hole Sand Dollar which is uncommon and is on our Red Data Book, but instead, saw several of the Arachnoides placenta (also Sand Dollar, but difference species). Resembling a dollar coin, this is a flat cousin of the Sea Star which has very short and tiny spines that help it 'walk'.

The second Sea Star of the day was the Sand Star (Astropecten sp.), a predator that eats small clams and snails. These 2 that I saw were moving towards each other from opposite directions, once they meet, they stopped for a brief moment and the left one started to follow the other around for a while before spliting up again eventually. I imagine them to be old friends bumping into each other after a long while and stopped to catch up before parting ways - although this wouldnt be possible because they do not have a brain!

This time round, its the real incumbent - the Noble Volute (Cymbiola nobilis) that I saw. This was the largest that I've ever seen, maybe 20 cm in length, and its laying eggs! Another good sign of a recovering Chek Jawa since the environment proves to be conducive and suitable for reproduction. Naturally, its pretty shell resulted in an over-collection of its shells by human beings and in some areas, it is also collected for food! =(

I peered into a small crevice by one of the pillars and was lucky enough to see a Wandering Cowrie (Cypraea errones). Shells of this snail were said to be used as currencies long long ago, thankfully this is not the case now else they would have been extinct ! Not well portrayed in this photo, the Cowrie actually uses its mantle to cover its shell. This helps to keep the surface scratch-free and pretty, just like the effect of our face masks!

Someone found this Mantis Shrimp and managed to hold it in a container for us to take a closer look (it was of coures released after a while). A predator , the Mantis Shrimp uses its claws (with sharp spines) to catch other animals such as small fishes for food. It got its common name probably due to its resemblance of both a praying mantis (the 2 claws) and a shrimp (body).

As usual, I was happy to see another Sea Star! This one is a Biscuit Sea Star (Goniodiscaster scaber), unfortunately I only managed a blurred photo (as you can tell from now that my photography skills clearly needs some brushing up). Some say this Sea Star got its name because of its resembance to a biscuit, but I take more to the reason that its sides are smooth and shape regular, as if everyone of them is cut out from a biscuit cutter.

This Sea Star is also a Sand Star that I saw earlier, but instead of 5 arms, it has 6! Sea Stars are often depicted as having 5 arms, little do most people realised that they can have 4 arms or 6 arms or more!

My last discovery of the day before we head back to the visitor centre was this Moon Snail. Looks like a Tiger Moon Snail (Natica tigrina) to me. Didnt get a clearer view of the shell as I didnt want to disturb it since it looked like it was hunting for food. Moon Snails are more active at night and are fierce predators that feeds on other snails and bivalves and suffocates its prey with its huge body. If this fails, it secretes an acid to soften the prey's shell patiently, before creating a hole and inserting its radula (tongue-like feature) to feed!

Although affected by the flash flood, Chek Jawa still has quite a fair bit of marine life to offer. Hopefully she will return to her glory days in no time!